Taittirīyopaniṣat 01.20

ऋतं च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। सत्यं च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। तपश्च च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। दमश्च च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। शमश्च च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। अग्नयश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। अग्निहोत्रं च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। अतिथयश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। मानुषं च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। प्रजा च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। प्रजनश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च। प्रजातिश्च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च ॥२०॥

Acquiring 'as-is knowledge', self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Speech and conduct in tune with perceived 'as-is knowledge', self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Meditating on such truths, worship of the venerable, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Self-control, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Engaging in tranquil activities, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Having humane conduct, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Procreation, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Providing excellent birth, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Protection of the offspring, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties.

Taittirīya Bhāshya 01.20

The expression '.... ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca' must be completed by adding 'kartavyāni' i.e. 'are the duties'. AS-IS knowledge is 'ṛtam'. Speech and action that are based on and in sync with such AS-IS knowledge is called 'satyam'. Meditating on such truth, worship of the venerable is called 'tapa', i.e. austerity. Because self-study and imparting knowledge to others are obligatory, they are to be connected with all actions at all times. The term 'mānuṣam' refers to humane qualities. The term 'praja' refers to procreation, protection of the offspring, and caring for their well-being.

ऋतं च स्वाध्यायप्रवचने च कर्तव्यानि।

The expression 'ṛtaṃ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca' must be completed by adding 'kartavyāni' i.e. 'are the duties'.

प्रवचनं व्याख्यानम्। यथार्थज्ञानं ऋतम्। तत्पूर्वकं यथार्थ वचनं करणं च सत्यम्।

'pravacana' means explanation or elaboration. AS-IS knowledge is 'ṛtam'. Speech and action that are based on and in sync with such AS-IS knowledge is called 'satyam', i.e. truthfulness.

"ऋतं यथार्थविज्ञानं सत्यं तत्पूर्विका कृतिः। ध्यानसत्ये पूज्यपूजा तप इत्यभिधीयते॥"

"'ṛtaṃ' is AS-IS special knowledge, 'satyam' is elaborated as action that is in tune with such knowledge. Meditating on such truth, worship of the venerable is called 'tapa', i.e. austerity."

इति शब्दनिर्णये॥

- stated thus in Shabdanirṇaya, the determination of the word.

सर्वकर्मकृतिकालेष्वपि स्वाध्यायप्रवचनयोः कर्तव्यत्वात् तयोः सर्वत्र अनुषङ्गः।

Because 'svādhyāya' i.e. self-study and 'pravacana' i.e. imparting knowledge to others - are obligatory, they are to be connected with all actions at all times.

"मन्त्रो मन्त्रार्थवचनं अन्यस्य स्वात्मनोऽपि वा। सर्वकर्मसु कर्तव्यौ सर्वकर्मात्मकौ ततः॥"

"Both chanting of the mantra (Vedic texts) and the elaboration of its meaning should be performed for others and also for oneself. Because both are involved in all actions, and are of the nature of all actions."

इति कर्मतत्त्वे।

- stated thus in karmatatva, an ancient text on the principle of action.

आत्मनश्चेन्मनसैवार्थवचनम्।

The term 'ātmanaḥ', i.e. 'for onself' in the above statement means 'in one's mind' only.

"मानुषं मानुषो धर्मो देवा अपि हि मानुषे। मनुष्यवत् प्रवर्तन्ते नैवैश्वर्यप्रकाशिनः॥"

"The term 'mānuṣam' means the duty of a human; even the gods, when in human form, behave like humans; and do not display sovereignty."

इति च।

- stated thus as well.

"प्रजाया रक्षणं चैव पुनः प्रजननं तथा। प्रकृष्टजातिकरणं कर्मभिस्तनये पितुः॥"

"The father’s duties are to protect his progeny and to ensure procreation again and to secure excellent birth are the duties of the father towards his son."

इति च।

- stated thus as well.