Taittirīyopaniṣat 01.20

ṛtaṃ ca svādhyāyapravacane ca। satyaṃ ca svādhyāyapravacane ca। tapaśca ca svādhyāyapravacane ca। damaśca ca svādhyāyapravacane ca। śamaśca ca svādhyāyapravacane ca। agnayaśca svādhyāyapravacane ca। agnihotraṃ ca svādhyāyapravacane ca। atithayaśca svādhyāyapravacane ca। mānuṣaṃ ca svādhyāyapravacane ca। prajā ca svādhyāyapravacane ca। prajanaśca svādhyāyapravacane ca। prajātiśca svādhyāyapravacane ca॥20॥

Acquiring 'as-is knowledge', self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Speech and conduct in tune with perceived 'as-is knowledge', self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Meditating on such truths, worship of the venerable, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Self-control, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Engaging in tranquil activities, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Having humane conduct, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Procreation, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Providing excellent birth, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties. Protection of the offspring, self-study, and imparting knowledge are the duties.

Taittirīya Bhāshya 01.20

The expression '.... ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca' must be completed by adding 'kartavyāni' i.e. 'are the duties'. AS-IS knowledge is 'ṛtam'. Speech and action that are based on and in sync with such AS-IS knowledge is called 'satyam'. Meditating on such truth, worship of the venerable is called 'tapa', i.e. austerity. Because self-study and imparting knowledge to others are obligatory, they are to be connected with all actions at all times. The term 'mānuṣam' refers to humane qualities. The term 'praja' refers to procreation, protection of the offspring, and caring for their well-being.

ṛtaṃ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca kartavyāni।

The expression 'ṛtaṃ ca svādhyāya-pravacane ca' must be completed by adding 'kartavyāni' i.e. 'are the duties'.

pravacanaṃ vyākhyānam। yathārtha-jñānaṃ ṛtam। tat-pūrvakaṃ yathārtha vacanaṃ karaṇaṃ ca satyam।

'pravacana' means explanation or elaboration. AS-IS knowledge is 'ṛtam'. Speech and action that are based on and in sync with such AS-IS knowledge is called 'satyam', i.e. truthfulness.

"ṛtaṃ yathārthavijñānaṃ satyaṃ tatpūrvikā kṛtiḥ। dhyānasatye pūjyapūjā tapa ityabhidhīyate॥"

"'ṛtaṃ' is AS-IS special knowledge, 'satyam' is elaborated as action that is in tune with such knowledge. Meditating on such truth, worship of the venerable is called 'tapa', i.e. austerity."

iti śabdanirṇaye॥

- stated thus in Shabdanirṇaya, the determination of the word.

sarvakarmakṛtikāleṣvapi svādhyāyapravacanayoḥ kartavyatvāt tayoḥ sarvatra anuṣaṅgaḥ।

Because 'svādhyāya' i.e. self-study and 'pravacana' i.e. imparting knowledge to others - are obligatory, they are to be connected with all actions at all times.

"mantro mantrārthavacanaṃ anyasya svātmano'pi vā। sarvakarmasu kartavyau sarvakarmātmakau tataḥ॥"

"Both chanting of the mantra (Vedic texts) and the elaboration of its meaning should be performed for others and also for oneself. Because both are involved in all actions, and are of the nature of all actions."

iti karmatatve।

- stated thus in karmatatva, an ancient text on the principle of action.

ātmanash cen manasaivārthavacanam।

The term 'ātmanaḥ', i.e. 'for onself' in the above statement means 'in one's mind' only.

"mānuṣaṃ mānuṣo dharmo devā api hi mānuṣe। manuṣyavat pravartante naivaiśvaryaprakāśinaḥ॥"

"The term 'mānuṣam' means the duty of a human; even the gods, when in human form, behave like humans; and do not display sovereignty."

iti ca।

- stated thus as well.

"prajāyā rakṣaṇaṃ caiva punaḥ prajananaṃ tathā। prakṛṣṭajātikaraṇaṃ karmabhis tanaye pituḥ॥"

"The father’s duties are to protect his progeny and to ensure procreation again and to secure excellent birth are the duties of the father towards his son."

iti ca।

- stated thus as well.