B.G 12.16-19
अनपेक्षः शुचिर्दक्षः उदासीनो गतव्यथः। सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी यो मद्भक्तः स मे प्रियः ॥१६॥
anapekṣaḥ śucir dakṣaḥ udāsīno gatavyathaḥ। sarvārambhaparityāgī yo madbhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ॥16॥
[अनपेक्षः (anapekṣaḥ) - indifferent; शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure; दक्षः (dakṣaḥ) - skillful; उदासीनः (udāsīnaḥ) - neutral; गतव्यथः (gatavyathaḥ) - free from distress; सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी (sarvārambhaparityāgī) - renouncer of all undertakings; यः (yaḥ) - who; मद्भक्तः (madbhaktaḥ) - my devotee; सः (saḥ) - he; मे (me) - to me; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear;]
He who is indifferent, pure, skilful, neutral, free from distress, and a renouncer of all undertakings, such a devotee of mine, is dear to Me.
यो न हृष्यति न द्वेष्टि न शोचति न काङ्क्षति। शुभाशुभपरित्यागी भक्तिमान् यः स मे प्रियः ॥१७॥
yo na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati। śubhāśubhaparityāgī bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyaḥ ॥17॥
[यो (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; हृष्यति (hṛṣyati) - rejoices; न (na) - not; द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi) - hates; न (na) - not; शोचति (śocati) - grieves; न (na) - not; काङ्क्षति (kāṅkṣati) - desires; शुभाशुभपरित्यागी (śubhāśubhaparityāgī) - renouncer of good and evil; भक्तिमान् (bhaktimān) - devoted; यः (yaḥ) - who; स (sa) - he; मे (me) - to me; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear;]
He who neither rejoices nor hates, neither grieves nor desires, who has renounced both good and evil actions, and is full of devotion, is dear to Me.
समः शत्रौ च मित्रे च तथा मानापमानयोः। शीतोष्णसुखदुःखेषु समः सङ्गविवर्जितः ॥१८॥
samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca tathā mānāpamānayoḥ। śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkheṣu samaḥ saṅgavivarjitaḥ ॥18॥
[समः (samaḥ) - equal; शत्रौ (śatrau) - in enemy; च (ca) - and; मित्रे (mitre) - in friend; च (ca) - and; तथा (tathā) - also; मानापमानयोः (mānāpamānayoḥ) - in honor and dishonor; शीतोष्णसुखदुःखेषु (śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkheṣu) - in cold, heat, happiness, and sorrow; समः (samaḥ) - equal; सङ्गविवर्जितः (saṅgavivarjitaḥ) - free from attachment;]
One who is equal towards both enemies and friends, who remains the same in honour and dishonour, and who is unaffected by cold, heat, happiness, and sorrow, is free from attachment.
तुल्यनिन्दास्तुनिर्मौनी सन्तुष्टो येन केनचित्। अनिकेतः स्थिरमतिर्भक्तिमान् मे प्रियो नरः ॥१९॥
tulyanindāstunirmauṇī santuṣṭo yena kenacit। aniketaḥ sthiramatirbhaktimān me priyo naraḥ ॥19॥
[तुल्य (tulya) - equal; निन्दा (nindā) - criticism; अस्तु (astu) - praise; निर्मौनी (nirmauṇī) - silent; सन्तुष्टः (santuṣṭaḥ) - content; येन (yena) - by any; केनचित् (kenacit) - means; अनिकेतः (aniketaḥ) - homeless; स्थिरमति: (sthiramatiḥ) - steady-minded; भक्तिमान् (bhaktimān) - devoted; मे (me) - my; प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear; नरः (naraḥ) - man;]
A person who is equal in criticism and praise, silent, content with anything, homeless, steady-minded, and devoted is dear to me.
Gīta Bhāshya 12.16-19
Earlier it was said "those who dedicate all their actions to Me" (12.6), those actions are elaborated specifically in 16-19 verses. Special emphasis is provided to practice of devotion (bhaktyabhyāsaḥ).
"सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी", "शुभाशुभपरित्यागी" इत्यादेः सामान्यविशेष- व्याख्यानव्याख्येयभावेन अपुनरुक्तिः। हर्षादिभिः मुक्तः इत्युक्ते कादाचित्कमपि भवति इति "यो न हृष्यति" इत्युक्तम्। उपचारपरिहारार्थं पूर्वम्। आधिक्यज्ञापनार्थं भक्त्यभ्यासः। "ये तु सर्वाणि कर्माणि" इत्यादेः प्रपञ्च एषः ॥१६-१९॥
"sarvārambhaparityāgī", "śubhāśubhaparityāgī" ityādeḥ sāmānyaviśeṣa- vyākhyānavyākhyeyabhāvena apunaruktiḥ. harṣādibhiḥ muktaḥ ityukte kādācitkamapi bhavati iti "yo na hṛṣyati" ityuktam. upacāraparihārārthaṃ pūrvam. ādhikyajñāpanārthaṃ bhaktyabhyāsaḥ. "ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi" ityādeḥ prapañca eṣaḥ ॥16-19॥
[सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी (sarvārambhaparityāgī) - renouncer of all undertakings; शुभाशुभपरित्यागी (śubhāśubhaparityāgī) - renouncer of good and bad; इत्यादेः (ityādeḥ) - and so on; सामान्यविशेष- (sāmānyaviśeṣa-) - general and particular; व्याख्यानव्याख्येयभावेन (vyākhyānavyākhyeyabhāvena) - in the state of explanation and being explained; अपुनरुक्तिः (apunaruktiḥ) - non-repetition; हर्षादिभिः (harṣādibhiḥ) - by joy and others; मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - about liberated; इत्युक्ते (ityukte) - it is said; कादाचित्कमपि (kādācitkamapi) - ever even a little something; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; इति (iti) - thus; यो (yo) - who; न (na) - not; हृष्यति (hṛṣyati) - rejoices; इत्युक्तम् (ityuktam) - it is said; उपचारपरिहारार्थं (upacāraparihārārthaṃ) - for the sake of avoiding metaphor; पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before; आधिक्यज्ञापनार्थं (ādhikyajñāpanārthaṃ) - for the purpose of indicating excess; भक्त्यभ्यासः (bhaktyabhyāsaḥ) - practice of devotion; ये (ye) - those who; तु (tu) - but; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; इत्यादेः (ityādeḥ) - and so on; प्रपञ्च (prapañca) - elaboration; एषः (eṣaḥ) - this; ॥१६-१९॥ (॥16-19॥) - (verse numbers);]
The phrases "Renouncer of all undertakings" (sarvārambhaparityāgī), "renouncer of good and bad" (śubhāśubhaparityāgī) and so on are used in general and particular context and do not amount to repetition. Based on the previous explanation, one may get doubt - "Pleasure and others to be reduced for some time". So, to definitively conclude, the phrase "who does not rejoice" is used. Not to be undermined, and for the purpose of emphasizing "practice of devotion" is again recommended. Earlier it was said "those who dedicate all their actions" (12.6), those actions are elaborated here.
Gīta Tātparya 12.16-19
'sarvārambhaparityāgī', i.e. renouncer of all endeavours - must be understood in the context to mean abandoning all actions that are not dear to lord Vishnu, renouncing the ego and fruits of the actions and perform all actions as an offering to the Lord. 'harṣaḥ' - When the mind with ego gets attracted to unrighteousness. A person who remains indifferent to happiness and sorrow is often termed - 'devoid of joy'
अवैष्णवसर्वारम्भपरित्यागी। सर्वारम्भाभिमान त्यागेन फलत्यागेन भगवति समर्पणरूपेण च त्यागी।
avaiṣṇavasarvārambhaparityāgī। sarvārambhābhimāna tyāgena phalatyāgena bhagavati samarpaṇarūpeṇa ca tyāgī।
[अवैष्णव (avaiṣṇava) - not dear to lord Vishnu; सर्वारम्भ (sarvārambha) - all endeavors; परित्यागी (parityāgī) - renouncer; सर्वारम्भ (sarvārambha) - all endeavors; अभिमान (abhimāna) - pride; त्यागेन (tyāgena) - by renunciation; फलत्यागेन (phalatyāgena) - by renunciation of fruits; भगवति (bhagavati) - in the Lord; समर्पणरूपेण (samarpaṇarūpeṇa) - in the form of dedication; च (ca) - and; त्यागी (tyāgī) - renouncer;]
The word 'sarvārambhaparityāgī', i.e. renouncer of all endeavours - must be understood in the context to mean abandoning all actions that are not dear to lord Vishnu. It also means renouncing the ego and fruits of the actions and performing all actions as an offering to the Lord. He becomes a true renouncer.
"सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुः त्यागं विचक्षणाः"
"sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ prāhuḥ tyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇāḥ"
[सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं (sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ) - renunciation of all action fruits; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - declare; त्यागं (tyāgaṃ) - renunciation; विचक्षणाः (vicakṣaṇāḥ) - wise ones;]
"The wise declare that true renunciation is the giving up of the fruits of all actions." (18.2)
"मयि सर्वाणि कर्माणि सन्न्यस्याध्यात्मचेतसा"
"mayi sarvāṇi karmāṇi sannyasyādhyātmacetasā"
[मयि (mayi) - in me; सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all; कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions; सन्न्यस्य (sannyasya) - renouncing; अध्यात्मचेतसा (adhyātmacetasā) - with a mind absorbed in the ātma;]
"Renounce all actions in me, focusing your mind on the spiritual essence." (3.30)
इत्यादेः॥
ityādeḥ॥
[इति (iti) - thus; आदेः (ādeḥ) - such;]
- and such statements.
"भक्तिं ज्ञानं च वैराग्यमृते यो नेच्छति क्वचित्। शुभाशुभपरित्यागी विद्वद्भिः कीर्तितो हि सः॥"
"bhaktiṁ jñānaṁ ca vairāgyamṛte yo necchati kvacit। śubhāśubhaparityāgī vidvadbhiḥ kīrtito hi saḥ॥"
[भक्तिं (bhaktiṁ) - devotion; ज्ञानं (jñānaṁ) - knowledge; च (ca) - and; वैराग्यमृते (vairāgyamṛte) - without, detachment; यः (yaḥ) - who; न (na) - not; इच्छति (icchati) - desires; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere; शुभाशुभपरित्यागी (śubhāśubhaparityāgī) - renouncer of good and evil; विद्वद्भिः (vidvadbhiḥ) - by the wise; कीर्तितः (kīrtitaḥ) - praised; हि (hi) - indeed; सः (saḥ) - he;]
"He who does not seek anywhere, anything, other than devotion, knowledge, or detachment, is indeed praised by the wise as one who has renounced both good and evil."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and / as well;]
- stated thus as well.
"प्रायः सुखादिषु समः प्रायो हर्षादिवर्जितः। तथोच्यते यथाल्पस्वो निःस्व इत्युच्यते जनैः॥ न हि मुख्यतया साम्यं कस्यचित् सुखदुःखयोः। न च हर्षादिसन्त्यागो यावन्मुक्तिः कुतश्चन॥"
"prāyaḥ sukhādiṣu samaḥ prāyo harṣādivarjitaḥ। tathocyate yathālpasvo niḥsva ityucyate janaiḥ॥ na hi mukhyatayā sāmyaṃ kasyacit sukhaduḥkhayoḥ। na ca harṣādisantyāgo yāvanmuktiḥ kutaścana॥"
[प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - generally; सुखादिषु (sukhādiṣu) - in happiness, etc.; समः (samaḥ) - equal; प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - generally; हर्षादिवर्जितः (harṣādivarjitaḥ) - devoid of joy, etc.; तथोच्यते (tathocyate) - thus it is said; यथा (yathā) - as; अल्पस्वः (alpasvaḥ) - one with little wealth; निःस्व (niḥsva) - without wealth; इति (iti) - thus; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; मुख्यतया (mukhyatayā) - primarily; साम्यं (sāmyaṃ) - equality; कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone; सुखदुःखयोः (sukhaduḥkhayoḥ) - in happiness and sorrow; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; हर्षादिसन्त्यागः (harṣādisaṃtyāgaḥ) - abandonment of joy, etc.; यावत् (yāvat) - until; मुक्तिः (muktiḥ) - liberation; कुतश्चन (kutaścana) - from anywhere;]
"It is generally observed that a person who remains indifferent to happiness and sorrow is often termed - 'devoid of joy'. Just as a person with little wealth is considered impoverished by others, there is no true equality in experiencing happiness and sorrow, nor is there a complete renunciation of joy until one achieves liberation."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and / as well;]
- stated thus as well.
"हृतिर्मदादधर्माय हर्षो नाम प्रकीर्तितः।"
"hr̥tir madād adharmāya harṣo nāma prakīrtitaḥ।"
[हृतिः (hr̥tiḥ) - attrcated; मदात् (madāt) - mind with ego; अधर्माय (adharmāya) - to unrighteousness; हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - the word 'harṣaḥ'; नाम (nāma) - by name; प्रकीर्तितः (prakīrtitaḥ) - is declared;]
"When the mind with ego gets attracted to unrighteousness, it is called 'harṣaḥ'. "
इति शब्दनिर्णये ॥१६-१९॥
iti śabdanirṇaye ॥16-19॥
[इति (iti) - thus; शब्दनिर्णये (śabdanirṇaye) - in the decision of words;]
- stated thus in the dictionary.
