B.G 4.05 and 06
श्रीभगवानुवाच
बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन। तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप ॥५॥
śrībhagavānuvāca
bahūni mē vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna। tānyahaṁ vēda sarvāṇi na tvaṁ vēttha parantapa ॥5॥
[श्रीभगवानुवाच बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन। तानि अहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप॥
śrībhagavānuvāca = the supreme lord said; bahūni = many; mē = of mine; vyatītāni = have passed; janmāni = births; tava = yours; cārjuna = as well, O Arjuna;। tāni = them; ahaṁ = I; vēda = know; sarvāṇi = all; na = not; tvaṁ = you; vēttha = recollect; parantapa = O subduer of enemies॥]
The Supreme Lord said:
O Arjuna, you and I have passed through many lives. I know all of them, but you, O Subduer of enemies, are not acquainted with them.
अजोऽपि सन्नव्ययात्मा भूतानामीश्वरोऽपि सन्। प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय सम्भवाम्यात्ममायया ॥६॥
ajō'pi sannavyayātmā bhūtānāmīśvarō'pi san। prakr̥tiṁ svāmadhiṣṭhāya sambhavāmyātmamāyayā ॥6॥
[अजः अपि सन् अव्यय आत्मा भूतानाम् ईश्वरः अपि सन्। प्रकृतिं स्वाम् अधिष्ठाय सम्भवामि आत्म मायया॥
ajaḥ = unborn; api = also; san = being so; avyayātmā = the imperishable body; bhūtānām = of all the beings; īśvaraḥ = the supreme lord; api = also; san = being so;। prakr̥tiṁ = the nature; svām = own; adhiṣṭhāya = having established; sambhavāmi = I re-manifest; ātma-māyayā = knowledge of the 'ātman' / delutional power I possess;]
Though my body is imperishable and I am the supreme lord of all the beings, I re-manifest and seem to be born, having established myself in my own inherent nature with the delusional power I possess.
Gīta Bhāshya 4.05 and 06
'avyayātmā' - the body of the lord is imperishable. 'ātmamāyayā' - knowledge of the 'ātman' / power of mine. 'Īsvara' - primarily refers to lord Vishnu as he is the lord of other lords as well. Grasping the omnipotent quality of the divine resolves the conflict of Him embodying both the principle and the personality.
न तर्हि अनादिः भवान् इत्यत आह - अजोऽपीति॥
na tarhi anādiḥ bhavān ityata āha - ajō'pīti॥
[na tarhi = How then; anādiḥ = without beginning; bhavān = you; ityata āha = thus said; ajō'pīti = by 'ajo' verse;॥]
How then are you stated to be without beginning? - is answered by 'ajo' verse.
अव्ययः आत्मा देहोऽपि इति अव्ययात्मा।
avyayaḥ ātmā dēhō'pi iti avyayātmā।
[avyayaḥ = imperishable; ātmā = the supreme being; dēhō'pi = body also; iti = thus; avyayātmā = the word 'avyayātmā', i.e. imperishable being.।]
The word 'avyayātmā', i.e. imperishable being, is used, as the body of the lord is also imperishable.
"अनन्तं विश्वतोमुखम्"
"anantaṁ viśvatōmukham"
[anantaṁ = infinite; viśvatōmukham = having universe as the face;]
"He is infinite, having the universe as the face." (11.11)
इति हि रूपविशेषणम् उत्तरत्र।
iti hi rūpaviśēṣaṇam uttaratra।
[iti = this; hi = indeed; rūpaviśēṣaṇam = is the adjective, speciality, for form; uttaratra = is the answer here;।]
This indeed, is the answer given (in 11.11) to describe the special form of the lord.
"एतन्नानावताराणां निधानं बीजमव्ययम्"
इति च।
"ētannānāvatārāṇāṁ nidhānaṁ bījamavyayam"
iti ca।
[ētannānāvatārāṇāṁ = this, of various incarnations; nidhānaṁ = repository; bījamavyayam = seed, that is imperishable;]
[iti ca = status thus, as well, in the testimonial.]
"This (lord) is the source and indestructible seed of various incarnations."
-stated thus, as well, in the testimonial (Bhagavata 1.3.5).
'जगृहे' इति तु व्यक्तिः। युक्तयस्तु उक्ताः। आत्मानादित्वं तु सर्वसमम्। कथम् अनादिनित्यस्य जनिः? प्रकृतिं स्वाम् अधिष्ठाय। प्रकृत्या जातेषु वसुदेवादिषु। तयैव तेषां जात इव प्रतीयते इत्यर्थः। न तु स्वतन्त्राम् अधिष्ठाय इत्याह - स्वाम् इति॥
'jagr̥hē' iti tu vyaktiḥ। yuktayastu uktāḥ। ātmānāditvaṁ tu sarvasamam। katham anādinityasya janiḥ? prakr̥tiṁ svām adhiṣṭhāya। prakr̥tyā jātēṣu vasudēvādiṣu। tayaiva tēṣāṁ jāta iva pratīyatē ityarthaḥ। na tu svatantrām adhiṣṭhāya ityāha - svām iti॥
['jagr̥hē' = "he took hold"; iti = thus; tu = but; vyaktiḥ = is the personality;। yuktayastu = the solution to resolve; uktāḥ = is already stated;। ātmānāditvaṁ = without beginning attribute of 'ātmān'; tu = however; sarvasamam = is equal for all;। katham = how; anādinityasya = the eternality and without beginnig; janiḥ = is born? prakr̥tiṁ = the inherent nature; svām = of his; adhiṣṭhāya = having established;। prakr̥tyā = the inherent nature; jātēṣu = is born; vasudēvādiṣu = from the forms of the lord such as Vasudeva;। tayaiva = by her alone; tēṣāṁ = their; jāta = born; iva = as if; pratīyatē = seem to appear; ityarthaḥ = is the understanding;। na = not; tu = but; svatantrām = independently; adhiṣṭhāya = having established; ityāha = hence said; svām iti = 'svām', i.e. by own, thus.॥]
The expression "he took hold" ('jagr̥hē' used in 1.3.1 of Bhagavata) indicates Him to be a personality. The solution to resolve (the dual aspect of lord being both a pinciple as well as personality) is already explained (in 2nd chapter, by noting that he is all powerful). The 'ātmān' is equal in all. How is He born, though is eternal and without beginning? Having established Himself in his inherent nature, i.e. 'prakrti'. His inherent nature manifests from the forms of the lord such as Vasudeva etc. Therefore it is understood - "She (prakrti) seems to appear as if born". Indeed, She does not independently establish herself, hence it is said - 'svām', i.e. "by my own".
"द्रव्यं कर्म च"
इति ह्युक्तम्।
"dravyaṁ karma ca"
iti hyuktam।
[dravyaṁ = substance; karma = actions; ca = and, as well;]
[iti =thus; hyuktam = stated by testimonials.]
"Substances and actions as well."
-stated thus by testimonials.
सा हि तत्रोक्ता। ततः सर्वसृष्टेः।
sā hi tatrōktā। tataḥ sarvasr̥ṣṭēḥ।
[sā = she; hi = indeed; tatrōktā = thus stated;। tataḥ = thus is; sarvasr̥ṣṭēḥ = all of the creation;। ]
Indeed, She (prakrti) is described thus (, and so is dependent). Same is true with the whole of creation as well.
आत्ममायया आत्मज्ञानेन। प्रकृतेः पृथगभिधानात्।
ātmamāyayā ātmajñānēna। prakr̥tēḥ pr̥thagabhidhānāt।
[ātmamāyayā = the word 'ātmamāyayā' means; ātmajñānēna = by the knowledge of the ātman;। prakr̥tēḥ = the prakrti; pr̥thagabhidhānāt = is already distinctly identified;।]
The word 'ātmamāyayā' means by the knowledge of the 'ātman', i.e. knowledge of the Lord. It is not referring to 'Prakrti' as it is already distinctly identified (by 'prakrti' word).
"केतुः केतश्चितिश्चित्तं मतिः क्रतुर्मनीषा माया॥"
इत्यभिधानम्।
"kētuḥ kētaścitiścittaṁ matiḥ kraturmanīṣā māyā॥"
ityabhidhānam।
["kētuḥ kētaścitiścittaṁ matiḥ kraturmanīṣā māyā॥"]
[ityabhidhānam = are said to convey same meaning as per the thesaurus.]
The words 'kētuḥ', 'kētah', 'chitti', 'chittam', 'matihi', 'kratuh', 'manisha', and 'māya' are said to convey the same meaning as per thesaurus.
सृष्टिकारणया तेषां शरीरादि सृष्ट्वा विमोहिकया अजात एव जात इव प्रतीयते वा। उक्तं च–
sr̥ṣṭikāraṇayā tēṣāṁ śarīrādi sr̥ṣṭvā vimōhikayā ajāta ēva jāta iva pratīyatē vā। uktaṁ ca–
[sr̥ṣṭikāraṇayā = for the cause of creation; tēṣāṁ = of them; śarīrādi = the body and others; sr̥ṣṭvā = having created; vimōhikayā = by the deluding power; ajāta = unborn; ēva = indeed; jāta = born; iva = as if; pratīyatē = appears; vā = or; । uktaṁ = said; ca = thus;]
Or, For the purpose of creation, though he is unborn, through His deluding power, he appears as if to possess a physical body and other attributes like normal being. Therefore, it is said:
"महदादेस्तु माता या श्रीर्भूमिरिति कल्पिता। विमोहिका च दुर्गाख्या ताभिर्विष्णुरजोऽपि हि। जातवत्प्रथते ह्यात्मचिद्बलान्मूढचेतसाम्॥"
"mahadādēstu mātā yā śrīrbhūmiriti kalpitā। vimōhikā ca durgākhyā tābhirviṣṇurajō'pi hi। jātavatprathatē hyātmacidbalānmūḍhacētasām॥"
["mahadādēstu = ideed, beginning with Mahat; mātā = mother of; yā = which; śrīrbhūmiriti = thus, 'Shri' i.e. insentient, 'Bhoo' i.e. earth; kalpitā = is conceived;। vimōhikā = deluding; ca = and; durgākhyā = known as 'Durga'; tābhirviṣṇurajō'pi = Lord Vishnu, though unborn through her; hi = indeed;। jātavatprathatē = appears as born; hyātmacidbalānmūḍhacētasām = certainly, by His own energy, for the deluded;॥"]
"She who is mother of ego and other principles is conceived by the name 'Shri', 'Bhoo" etc. Her deluding power is known by the name 'Durga'. Lord Vishnu, though unborn through Her, the insentient, appears as born to the deluded, by His own energy."
इति।
iti।
[iti = states testimonial.]
-states testimonial.
ईश्वरः ईशेभ्योऽपि वरः तच्चोक्तम्-
īśvaraḥ īśēbhyō'pi varaḥ taccōktam
[īśvaraḥ = the word 'īsvara' means; īśēbhyō'pi varaḥ = He is superior to all other owners; taccōktam = therefore, it is said;]
The word 'Īsvara' means, He is superior to all other owners. Therefore, it is said:
"ईशेभ्यो ब्रह्मरुद्रश्रीशेषादिभ्यो यतो भवान्। वरोऽत ईश्वराख्या ते मुख्या नान्यस्य कस्यचित्॥"
इति ब्रह्मवैवर्ते।
"īśēbhyō brahmarudraśrīśēṣādibhyō yatō bhavān। varō'ta īśvarākhyā tē mukhyā nānyasya kasyacit॥"
iti brahmavaivartē।
["īśēbhyō = among the lords; brahmarudraśrīśēṣādibhyō = Shri, Brahma, Rudra, Shesha and others; yatō compared to whom; bhavān = you;। varō'ta = superior to; īśvarākhyā = called 'īsvara'; tē mukhyā = is primarily yours; nānyasya = not for others; kasyacit = at any point in time;]
[iti brahmavaivartē = states Brahma Vaivarta Purana;]
"You are superior compared to other lords like Shri, Brahma, Rudra, Shesha and others. Thus the title 'Īsvara' is primarily yours and not for others at any point in time."
-states Brahma Vaivarta Purana.
"समर्थ ईश इत्युक्तः तद्वरत्वात्त्वमीश्वरः।"
इति च ॥६,७॥
"samartha īśa ityuktaḥ tadvaratvāttvamīśvaraḥ।"
iti ca ॥6,7॥
[samartha = capable; īśa = the lord; ityuktaḥ = is so called; tadvaratvāttvamīśvaraḥ = you are called 'īsvara' as you are even superior to them;]
[iti ca = is also the testimonial.]
"The capable is called 'Īsha'; You are called 'Īsvara' as you are even superior to them."
-is also the testimonial.
Gīta Tātparya 4.06
'ātmamāyayā' - on His own interest. 'prakr̥tiṁ svāmadhiṣṭhāya' - by His inherent nature He established Himself. Unlike verses 7.5 and 9.10, here word 'Prakrti' is used with word 'sva', and thus needs to be interpreted as 'inherent nature', and not as 'insentient'.
आत्ममायया आत्मेच्छया। प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय स्वभावम्।
ātmamāyayā ātmēcchayā। prakr̥tiṁ svāmadhiṣṭhāya svabhāvam।
[ātmamāyayā = the word 'ātmamāyayā' means; ātmēcchayā = by his own interest;। prakr̥tiṁ svāmadhiṣṭhāya = 'prakr̥tiṁ svāmadhiṣṭhāya' means; svabhāvam = inherent nature;।]
The word 'ātmamāyayā' means on His own interest. The usage 'prakr̥tiṁ svāmadhiṣṭhāya', means by His inherent nature he established Himself.
"देवस्यैष स्वभावोऽयम्"
"dēvasyaiṣa svabhāvō'yam"
["dēvasyaiṣa = It is Lord's only; svabhāvō'yam" = this inherent nature;]
"This inherent nature is that of the Lord only."
इत्यादिश्रुतेश्च। अत एव स्वशब्देन विशेषणं
ityādiśrutēśca। ata ēva svaśabdēna viśēṣaṇaṁ
[ityādiśrutēśca = there are such Vedic testimonials as well;। ata ēva = for this reason, only; svaśabdēna = the word 'sva'; viśēṣaṇaṁ = is the speciality of;]
- there are such Vedic testimonials as well. For this reason only, the word 'sva' has special meaning:
"प्रकृतिं स्वामवष्टभ्य"
"prakr̥tiṁ svāmavaṣṭabhya"
[prakr̥tiṁ = the prakrti; svāmavaṣṭabhya = He Himself, having entered;]
"He Himself, having entered the 'Prakrti', i.e. governing deity of the insentient".
इत्यादिषु।
ityādiṣu।
[ityādiṣu = there are such testimonials as well.]
-there are such testimonials as well.
"मयाध्यक्षेण प्रकृतिः"
"mayādhyakṣēṇa prakr̥tiḥ"
["mayādhyakṣēṇa = supervised by Me; prakr̥tiḥ = the 'Prakrti', i.e. governing diety of insentient;]
"The 'Prakrti', i.e. governing deity of insentient is supervised by Me." (Bhagavad Gita 9.10)
इत्यादिषु तु न स्वशब्दः।
ityādiṣu tu na svaśabdaḥ।
[ityādiṣu = in this place; tu = but; na = not; svaśabdaḥ = 'sva' word;।]
At verse 9.10 of Bhagavad Gita, 'sva' word is not used, (hence, here the usage does not mean 'My own inherent nature').
"प्रकृतिं विद्धि मे पराम्"
"prakr̥tiṁ viddhi mē parām"
[prakr̥tiṁ = the prakrti; viddhi = understand; mē = mine; parām = superior;"]
"Understand Prakrti to be superior energy of mine."(Bhagavad Gita 7.5)
इत्यादिषु सम्बन्धित्वेन प्रतीतेरन्या।
ityādiṣu sambandhitvēna pratītēranyā।
[ityādiṣu = in such places; sambandhitvēna = by association; pratītēranyā = it is interpreted differently.।]
In such cases, due to asociation, the word ('Prakrti') needs to be interpreted differently.
अत्र तु स्वशब्दः स्वरूपवाची। स्वभाव इत्यत्रापि स्वाख्यो भावः स्वभावः। भावशब्दस्तु सम्बन्ध्याशङ्कानिवृत्तये। स्वस्वभाव इति तु स्वस्वरूपमितिवदुपचारत्वाशङ्कां निवर्तयति।
atra tu svaśabdaḥ svarūpavācī। svabhāva ityatrāpi svākhyō bhāvaḥ svabhāvaḥ। bhāvaśabdastu sambandhyāśaṅkānivr̥ttayē। svasvabhāva iti tu svasvarūpamitivadupacāratvāśaṅkāṁ nivartayati।
[atra = in the current context; tu = indeed; svaśabdaḥ = the word 'sva'; svarūpavācī = conveys 'inherent nature';। svabhāva = the word 'svabhāva'; ityatrāpi = even here, in this context; svākhyō = identifying the self; bhāvaḥ = becoming; svabhāvaḥ = 'inherent nature';। bhāvaśabdastu = indeed, the word 'bhāva'; sambandhyāśaṅkānivr̥ttayē = is used to remove the doubt regarding its reference;। svasvabhāva = One's own inherent nature; iti = thus; tu = indeed; svasvarūpamitivadupacāratvāśaṅkāṁ = One's own form, in this way, the doubt regarding the appropriateness; nivartayati = dispels;।]
In the current context, the word 'sva' conveys 'inherent nature'. In the usage of word 'svabhava' in the current context, it is identified with 'self becoming' and thus means 'inherent nature'. Indeed, the word 'bhāva', i.e. becoming, is used to remove any doubt regarding its reference. The usage "One's own inherent nature", is similar to the usage "One's own form". This way, it dispels the doubt regarding its appropriateness.
"स्रष्टृत्वादिस्वभावत्वात् स्वेच्छया विष्णुरव्ययः। सृष्ट्यादिकं करोत्यद्धा स्वयं च बहुधा भवेत्॥"
"sraṣṭr̥tvādisvabhāvatvāt svēcchayā viṣṇuravyayaḥ। sr̥ṣṭyādikaṁ karōtyaddhā svayaṁ ca bahudhā bhavēt॥"
[sraṣṭr̥tvādisvabhāvatvāt = by the nature of being the creator, etc.; svēcchayā = as per His independent will; viṣṇuravyayaḥ = imperishable lord Vishnu;। sr̥ṣṭyādikaṁ = creation and such activities; karōtyaddhā = certainly performs; svayaṁ = Himself; ca = and; bahudhā = multiplicity; bhavēt = becomes;]
"The imperishable lord Vishnu, as per His independent will, by his inherent nature ('svabhāva'), undertakes creation and such activities. By such creation activities, He Himself becomes many."
इति नारायणश्रुतिः ॥६,७॥
iti nārāyaṇaśrutiḥ ॥6,7॥
[iti nārāyaṇaśrutiḥ = thus states Narayana Vedic testimonial.॥6,7॥]
- thus states Narayana Vedic testimonial.
Note:For grammatical clarification, it is necessary to refer to Gita Vivrutti of Sri Raghavendra Theertha, which is beyond the scope of current translation.
