Bhagavad Gīta Bhāshya and Tātparya
B.G 11.32
श्रीभगवानुवाच
śrībhagavān uvāca
[श्रीभगवान् (śrī-bhagavān) - the Auspicious Lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
The Auspicious Lord said:
कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत् प्रवृद्धो लोकान् समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः। ऋतेऽपि त्वां न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः ॥३२॥
kālo'smi loka-kṣaya-kṛt pravṛddho lokān samāhartum iha pravṛttaḥ। ṛte'pi tvāṁ na bhaviṣyanti sarve ye'vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ ॥32॥
[कालः (kālaḥ) - time; अस्मि (asmi) - I am; लोकक्षयकृत् (loka-kṣaya-kṛt) - destroyer of worlds; प्रवृद्धः (pravṛddhaḥ) - complete in all aspects, or beginningless; लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds; समाहर्तुम् (samāhartum) - to destroy; इह (iha) - here; प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - engaged; ऋते (ṛte) - universal order; अपि (api) - with few exceptions; त्वाम् (tvām) - you; न (na) - not; भविष्यन्ति (bhaviṣyanti) - will be; सर्वे (sarve) - all; ये (ye) - who; अवस्थिताः (avasthitāḥ) - are positioned; प्रत्यनीकेषु (pratyanīkeṣu) - on opposing sides; योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors;]
I am Time, the destroyer of worlds, complete in all aspects and engaged here in universal order, destroying the worlds. All these warriors arrayed in the opposing ranks shall cease to exist, with few exceptions.
Gīta Bhāshya 11.32
The word 'kāla' denotes the Lord, who is of the nature of binding, cutting off, and giver of knowledge. The word 'pravṛddhaḥ' is meant to convey complete in all aspects, or beginningless. His divine form neither shrinks nor increases.
कालशब्दः जगद्बन्धन च्छेदन ज्ञानादिसर्वभगवद्धर्म वाची।
kāla-śabdaḥ jagad-bandhana cchedana-jñānādi-sarva-bhagavat-dharma-vācī।
[काल-शब्दः (kāla-śabdaḥ) - the word 'Kāla'; जगत्-बन्धन (jagat-bandhana) - binding of the world; च्छेदन (cchedana) - cutting or destroying; ज्ञान-आदि (jñāna-ādi) - knowledge and others; सर्व-भगवत्-धर्म (sarva-bhagavat-dharma) - all divine attributes; वाची (vācī) - denoting;]
The word 'Kāla', i.e. time, denotes all divine attributes of the universe such as binding, cutting, knowledge, etc. (that happens with passage of time).
"कल बन्धने", "कल च्छेदने", "कल ज्ञाने", "कल कामधेनुः"
"kala bandhane", "kala cchedane", "kala jñāne", "kala kāmadhenuḥ"
[कल बन्धने (kala bandhane) - time binding; कल च्छेदने(kala cchedane) - cutting; कल ज्ञाने(kala jñāne) - time gives knowledge; कल कामधेनुः (kala kāmadhenuḥ) - time fulfills desires; ]
"Time binds", "Time cuts off", "Time gives knowledge", and also "Time fulfils desires".
इति पठन्ति।
iti paṭhanti।
[इति (iti) - thus; पठन्ति (paṭhanti) - they recite;]
-thus they recite.
प्रसिद्धश्च स शब्दः भगवति।
prasiddhaś ca sa śabdaḥ bhagavati।
[प्रसिद्धः (prasiddhaḥ) - well-known; च (ca) - and; सः (saḥ) - that; शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - word; भगवति (bhagavati) - in the Lord;]
And that word (kāla) is well-known as a reference to the Lord.
"नियतं कालपाशेन बद्धं शक्र विकत्थसे। अयं स पुरुषः श्यामो लोकस्य हरति प्रजाः। बद्ध्वा तिष्ठति मां रौद्रः पशुं रसनया यथा॥"
"niyataṁ kāla-pāśena baddhaṁ śakra vikatthase। ayaṁ sa puruṣaḥ śyāmo lokasya harati prajāḥ। baddhvā tiṣṭhati māṁ raudraḥ paśuṁ rasanayā yathā॥"
[नियतम् (niyatam) - surely; काल-पाशेन (kāla-pāśena) - by the noose of time; बद्धम् (baddham) - bound; शक्र (śakra) - O Indra; विकत्थसे (vikatthase) - you boast; अयम् (ayam) - this; सः (saḥ) - he; पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person; श्यामः (śyāmaḥ) - dark; लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world; हरति (harati) - takes away; प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures; बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - binding; तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands; माम् (mām) - me; रौद्रः (raudraḥ) - fierce one; पशुम् (paśum) - beast; रसनया (rasanayā) - with rope; यथा (yathā) - like;]
“O Indra, surely, bound by the noose of time, you boast. This dark being takes away the creatures of the world. Having bound me, the fierce one stands like a beast with a rope.”
इति मोक्षधर्मे विष्णुना बद्धो बलिर्वक्ति।
iti mokṣadharme viṣṇunā baddho balir vakti।
[इति (iti) - thus; मोक्षधर्मे (mokṣa-dharme) - in Mokṣa-dharma; विष्णुना (viṣṇunā) - by Viṣṇu; बद्धः (baddhaḥ) - bound; बलिः (baliḥ) - Bali; वक्ति (vakti) - speaks;]
- thus speaks Bali, bound by Viṣṇu, in Mokṣa-dharma.
"विष्णौ चाधीश्वरे चित्तं धारयन् कालविग्रहे॥"
"viṣṇau cādhīśvare cittaṁ dhārayan kāla-vigrahe॥"
[विष्णौ (viṣṇau) - in Viṣṇu; च (ca) - and; अधीश्वरे (adhīśvare) - in the supreme lord; चित्तम् (cittam) - mind; धारयन् (dhārayan) - holding; काल-विग्रहे (kāla-vigrahe) - in the form of time;]
“Holding the mind in Viṣṇu, the supreme Lord, in the form of time.”
इति भागवते।
iti bhāgavate।
[इति (iti) - thus; भागवते (bhāgavate) - in the Bhāgavata;]
- stated thus in the Bhāgavata.
प्रवृद्धः परिपूर्णः अनादिर्वा।
pravṛddhaḥ paripūrṇaḥ anādir vā।
[प्रवृद्धः (pravṛddhaḥ) - greatly grown; परिपूर्णः (paripūrṇaḥ) - fully complete; अनादिः (anādiḥ) - beginningless; वा (vā) - or;]
The word 'pravṛddhaḥ' is meant to convey complete in all aspects, or beginningless.
"ऋतं च सत्यं चाभीद्धात्"
"ṛtaṁ ca satyaṁ cābhīddhāt"
[ऋतम् (ṛtam) - order; च (ca) - and; सत्यम् (satyam) - truth; च (ca) - and; अभीद्धात् (abhīddhāt) - from that arose;]
“From that arose both order and truth.”
इति हि श्रुतिः।
iti hi śrutiḥ।
[इति (iti) - thus; हि (hi) - indeed; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - the Vedic testimonial;]
- thus indeed is the Vedic testimonial.
"एतन्महद्भूतं अनन्तम्"
"etan mahat bhūtaṁ anantam"
[एतत् (etat) - this; महत् (mahat) - great; भूतम् (bhūtam) - being; अनन्तम् (anantam) - infinite;]
"This great being is infinite."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - also;]
- stated thus as well.
"प्र विष्णुरस्तु तवसस्तवीयान् त्वेषं ह्यस्य स्थविरस्य नाम"
"pra viṣṇur astu tavasas tavīyān tveṣaṁ hy asya sthavirasya nāma"
[प्र (pra) - let; विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Viṣṇu; अस्तु (astu) - be; तवसः (tavasaḥ) - of power; तवीयान् (tavīyān) - stronger; त्वेषम् (tveṣam) - force; हि (hi) - indeed; अस्य (asya) - of this; स्थविरस्य (sthavirasya) - ancient one; नाम (nāma) - name;]
"This Viṣṇu is stronger in power — indeed, force is the name of this ancient one."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - also;]
- stated thus as well.
न तु वर्धनम्-
na tu vardhanam-
[न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; वर्धनम् (vardhanam) - increase in size;]
Thus (the word 'pravṛddhaḥ'), does not indicate an increase in size:
"नासौ जजान न मरिष्यति नैधतेऽसौ।"
"nāsau jajāna na mariṣyati naidhate'sau"
[न (na) - not; असौ (asau) - he; जजान (jajāna) - was born; न (na) - not; मरिष्यति (mariṣyati) - will die; न (na) - not; ऐधते (aidhate) - grows; असौ (asau) - he;]
"He was not born, will not die, and does not increase in size."
इति हि भागवते।
iti hi bhāgavate।
[इति (iti) - thus; हि (hi) - indeed; भागवते (bhāgavate) - in the Bhāgavata;]
- stated thus indeed in the Bhāgavata.
"यस्य दिव्यं हि तद्रूपं हीयते वर्धते न च।"
"yasya divyaṁ hi tad rūpaṁ hīyate vardhate na ca"
[यस्य (yasya) - whose; दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine; हि (hi) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; रूपम् (rūpam) - form; हीयते (hīyate) - declines; वर्धते (vardhate) - grows; न (na) - not; च (ca) - and;]
"His divine form neither shrinks nor increases."
इति मोक्षधर्मे।
iti mokṣadharme।
[इति (iti) - thus; मोक्षधर्मे (mokṣa-dharme) - in Mokṣa-dharma;]
- stated thus in Mokṣa-dharma.
"न कर्मणा" इति तु कर्मणापि न, किमु स्वयं इति।
"na karmaṇā" iti tu karmaṇā api na, kimu svayam iti।
["न कर्मणा" (na karmaṇā) - not by action; इति (iti) - thus; तु (tu) - but; कर्मणा अपि (karmaṇā api) - even by action; न (na) - not; किमु (kimu) - what to say of; स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself; इति (iti) - thus;]
The phrase “even without movement” indicates not even by movement (His form increases or shrinks); What to speak of natural growth? (Even natural growth is not there, as natural growth is possible only through movement.)
लोकान् समाहर्तुं इह विशेषेण प्रवृत्तः। भ्रात्रादींश्च ऋते इति अपिशब्दः। प्रत्यनीकत्वं तु परस्परतया। सर्वेऽपि न भविष्यन्ति। अक्षोहिण्यादिभेदेन बहुवचनं युक्तम् ॥३२॥
lokān samāhartum iha viśeṣeṇa pravṛttaḥ। bhrātrādīṁś ca ṛte iti api-śabdaḥ। pratyanīkatvaṁ tu parasparatayā। sarve'pi na bhaviṣyanti। akṣohiṇy-ādi-bhedena bahuvacanaṁ yuktam ॥32॥
[लोकान् (lokān) - worlds; समाहर्तुम् (samāhartum) - to destroy; इह (iha) - here; विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - specifically; प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - engaged; भ्रात्रादीन् (bhrātrādīn) - brothers and others; च (ca) - and; ऋते (ṛte) - without; अपि-शब्दः (api-śabdaḥ) - the particle 'even'; प्रत्यनीकत्वम् (pratyanīkatvam) - being on the opposing side; तु (tu) - but; परस्परतया (parasparatayā) - mutually; सर्वे अपि (sarve api) - all also; न भविष्यन्ति (na bhaviṣyanti) - will not remain; अक्षोहिणि-आदि-भेदेन (akṣohiṇi-ādi-bhedena) - by divisions like akṣauhiṇīs; बहुवचनम् (bahuvacanam) - plural form; युक्तम् (yuktam) - is justified;]
He is specifically engaged here to destroy the worlds. The word 'api' implies excluding brothers and others. Being on opposing sides means mutual confrontation. None shall remain. The plural is justified by the divisions such as akṣauhiṇīs.

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बहुचित्रजगद्बहुधाकरणात् परशक्तिरनन्तगुणः परमः ।
सुखरूपममुष्य पदं परमं स्मरतस्तु भविष्यति तत्सततम् ॥
"The one who has created this variegated vast universe with varied forms has infinite power and is of infinite auspicious qualities. He certainly bestows the highest state of bliss to those who meditate on his ever happy essence." -Dwādasha stōtra 4.3

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