B.G 8.17, 18, 19 and 20
सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्मणो विदुः। रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ॥१७॥
sahasrayugaparyantamaharyadbrahmaṇo viduḥ। rātriṁ yugasahasrāntāṁ te'horātravido janāḥ ॥17॥
[सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम् (sahasra-yuga-paryantam) - lasting for a thousand yugas; अहः (ahaḥ) - day; यत् (yat) - which; ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahmā; विदुः (viduḥ) - (they) know; रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night; युगसहस्रान्ताम् (yuga-sahasra-antām) - ending in a thousand yugas; ते (te) - they; अहोरात्रविदः (ahorātra-vidaḥ) - knowers of day and night; जनाः (janāḥ) - people;]
Those who know the nature of day and night understand that the day of Brahmā lasts for a thousand yugas, and his night also ends after a thousand yugas.
अव्यक्ताद् व्यक्तयः सर्वाः प्रभवन्त्यहरागमे। रात्र्यागमे प्रलीयन्ते तत्रैवाव्यक्तसञ्ज्ञके ॥१८॥
avyaktād vyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ prabhavantyaharāgame। rātryāgame pralīyante tatraivāvyaktasañjñake ॥18॥
[अव्यक्तात् (avyaktāt) - From the unmanifest; व्यक्तयः (vyaktayaḥ) - Manifest beings; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - All; प्रभवन्ति (prabhavanti) - Originate; अहः-आगमे (ahaḥ-āgame) - At the arrival of the day (of Brahmā); रात्रि-आगमे (rātri-āgame) - At the arrival of the night (of Brahmā); प्रलीयन्ते (pralīyante) - They dissolve; तत्र (tatra) - There; एव (eva) - Indeed; अव्यक्त-सञ्ज्ञके (avyakta-sañjñake) - In that which is called the unmanifest;]
From the unmanifest, all manifest beings arise at the beginning of the day (of Brahmā), and at the arrival of the night, they dissolve back into that which is called the unmanifest.
भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते। रात्र्यागमेऽवशः पार्थ प्रभवत्यहरागमे ॥१९॥
bhūtagrāmaḥ sa evāyaṁ bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate। rātryāgame'vaśaḥ pārtha prabhavatyaharāgame ॥19॥
[भूतग्रामः (bhūta-grāmaḥ) - The multitude of beings; सः (saḥ) - That; एव (eva) - Indeed; अयम् (ayam) - This; भूत्वा भूत्वा (bhūtvā bhūtvā) - Being born again and again; प्रलीयते (pralīyate) - Dissolves; रात्र्यागमे (rātry-āgame) - At the arrival of the night (of Brahmā); अवशः (avaśaḥ) - Helplessly; पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā (Arjuna); प्रभवति (prabhavati) - Comes into existence; अहः-आगमे (ahaḥ-āgame) - At the arrival of the day (of Brahmā);]
O Pārtha (Arjuna), this multitude of beings, being born again and again, dissolves at the arrival of the night (of Brahmā) helplessly, and at the arrival of the day, it comes into existence again.
परस्तस्मात्तु भावोऽन्योव्यक्तो व्यक्तात् सनातनः। यः स सर्वेषु भूतेषु नश्यत्सु न विनश्यति ॥२०॥
parastasmāttu bhāvo'nyovyakto vyaktāt sanātanaḥ। yaḥ sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu naśyatsu na vinaśyati ॥20॥
[परः (paraḥ) - Beyond; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - That (manifest and unmanifest world); तु (tu) - However; भावः (bhāvaḥ) - Existence; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - Another; अव्यक्तः (avyaktaḥ) - Unmanifest; व्यक्तात् (vyaktāt) - Than the manifest; सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - Eternal; यः (yaḥ) - That which; सः (saḥ) - It; सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - In all; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - Beings; नश्यत्सु (naśyatsu) - When they perish; न (na) - Not; विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - Perishes;]
But beyond that unmanifest (existence), there is another eternal unmanifest reality, which does not perish even when all beings perish.
Gīta Bhāshya 8.17, 18, 19, and 20
To establish that there is no rebirth after attaining the Lord Krishna, the verse illustrates the inherent power of the unmanifest by describing dissolution and other cosmic processes. Indeed, the Brahman is not destroyed when the dissolution of all manifested beings occurs. 'sahasra' - many or infinite. 'brahmaṇa' - the Supreme Brahman.
मां प्राप्य न पुनरावृत्तिः इति स्थापयितुम् अव्यक्ताख्यात्मसामर्थ्यं दर्शयितुं प्रलयादि दर्शयति - सहस्र युगेत्यादिना॥
māṁ prāpya na punarāvr̥ttiḥ iti sthāpayitum avyaktākhyātmasāmarthyaṁ darśayituṁ pralayādi darśayati - sahasra yugetyādinā॥
[माम् (mām) - me; प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained; न (na) - not; पुनरावृत्तिः (punarāvṛttiḥ) - rebirth; इति (iti) - thus; स्थापयितुम् (sthāpayitum) - to establish; अव्यक्ताख्य (avyaktākhya) - known as the unmanifest; आत्मसामर्थ्यं (ātmasāmarthyaṁ) - the inherent power; दर्शयितुम् (darśayitum) - to demonstrate; प्रलयादि (pralayādi) - dissolution, etc.; दर्शयति (darśayati) - shows; सहस्रयुगेत्यादिना (sahasrayugetyādinā) - by the statement beginning with "sahasrayuga";]
To establish that having attained ME, there is no rebirth, the verse illustrates the inherent power of the unmanifest by describing dissolution and other cosmic processes, beginning with the verse - 'sahasrayuga'.
सहस्रशब्धः अत्र अनेकवाची। ब्रह्म परं।
sahasraśabdhaḥ atra anekavācī। brahma paraṁ।
[सहस्रशब्धः (sahasraśabdaḥ) - the word "sahasra"; अत्र (atra) - here; अनेकवाची (anekavācī) - denotes multiplicity; ब्रह्म (brahma) - the Absolute; परं (param) - supreme;]
The word "sahasra" here signifies multiple or infinite. The word 'brahma' refers to the supreme Brahman.
"सा विश्वरूपस्य रजनी।"
"sā viśvarūpasya rajanī।"
[सा (sā) - That; विश्वरूपस्य (viśvarūpasya) - of the one whose form is the entire universe; रजनी (rajanī) - night;]
"That is the night of the One whose form is the entire universe."
इति हि श्रुतिः।
iti hi śrutiḥ।
[इति (iti) - Thus; हि (hi) - indeed; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - revelation; scripture.]
- thus, indeed, states the Vedic testimonial.
द्विपरार्धप्रलय एव अत्र विवक्षितः। 'अव्यक्ताद्व्यक्तयः सर्वाः' इत्युक्तेः। उक्तं च महाकौर्मे -
dviparārdhapralaya eva atra vivakṣitaḥ। 'avyaktādvyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ' ityukteḥ। uktaṁ ca mahākaurme
[द्विपरार्धप्रलयः (dviparārdhapralayaḥ) - Dissolution lasting for two parārdhas; एव (eva) - indeed; अत्र (atra) - here; विवक्षितः (vivakṣitaḥ) - is intended; अव्यक्तात् (avyaktāt) - From the unmanifest; व्यक्तयः (vyaktayaḥ) - the manifested beings; सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all; इति (iti) - Thus; उक्तेः (ukteḥ) - from the statement; उक्तं (uktaṁ) - It is said; च (ca) - and; महाकौर्मे (mahākaurme) - in the great Kūrma scripture;]
The universal dissolution lasting for two 'Parārdhas' is only intended here. "From the unmanifest, all manifested beings arise" - it is stated. And it is also said in the great Kūrma scripture:
"अनेकयुगपर्यन्तम् अहर्विष्णोस्तथा निशा। रात्र्यादौ लीयते सर्वमहरादौ तु जायते॥"
"anekayugaparyantam aharviṣṇostathā niśā। rātryādau līyate sarvamaharādau tu jāyate॥"
[अनेकयुगपर्यन्तम् (anekayugaparyantam) - Extending over many yugas; अहः (ahaḥ) - the day; विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of Viṣṇu; तथा (tathā) - likewise; निशा (niśā) - the night; रात्र्यादौ (rātryādau) - At the beginning of the night; लीयते (līyate) - dissolves; सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything; अहरादौ (aharādau) - At the beginning of the day; तु (tu) - indeed; जायते (jāyate) - is born;]
"The day of the Lord Viṣṇu extends over many Yugas, and so does the night. At the beginning of the night, everything dissolves, and at the beginning of the day, all is born again."
इति।
iti।
[इति (iti) - Thus;]
- stated thus.
'यः स सर्वेषु भूतेषु' - इति वाक्यशेषाच्च ॥१७॥
'yaḥ sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu' - iti vākyaśeṣācca ॥17॥
[यः (yaḥ) - Who; स (sa) - He; सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - In all; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - Beings; इति (iti) - Thus; वाक्यशेषात् (vākyasheṣāt) - From the remainder of the sentence; च (ca) - And;]
"He, Who is present in all beings" —thus, from the remainder of the sentence.
