B.G 6.07 and 08
जितात्मनः प्रशान्तस्य परमात्मा समाहितः। शीतोष्णसुखदुःखेषु तथा मानापमानयोः ॥७॥
ज्ञानविज्ञानतृप्तात्मा कूटस्थो विजितेंद्रियः। युक्त इत्युच्यते योगी समलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनः ॥८॥
jitātmanaḥ praśāntasya paramātmā samāhitaḥ। śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkheṣu tathā mānāpamānayoḥ ॥7॥
jñānavijñānatr̥ptātmā kūṭastho vijiteṁdriyaḥ। yukta ityucyate yogī samaloṣṭāśmakāñcanaḥ ॥8॥
[जितात्मनः प्रशान्तस्य परमात्मा समाहितः। शीत उष्णसुख दुःखेषु तथा मान अपमानयोः॥
ज्ञान विज्ञान तृप्तात्मा कूटस्थो विजित इद्रियः। युक्त इति उच्यते योगी सम लोष्ट अश्म काञ्चनः॥
जितात्मनः (jitātmanaḥ) - of the self-controlled; प्रशान्तस्य (praśāntasya) - of the serene; परमात्मा (paramātmā) - the Supreme personality, the Lord; समाहितः (samāhitaḥ) - is concentrated; शीत (śīta) - in cold; उष्ण (uṣṇa) - in heat; सुख (sukha) - in pleasure; दुःखेषु (duḥkheṣu) - in pain; तथा (tathā) - similarly; मान (māna) - in honor; अपमानयोः (apamānayoḥ) - and dishonor; ज्ञान (jñāna) - knowledge; विज्ञान (vijñāna) - wisdom; तृप्तात्मा (tṛptātmā) - contented soul; कूटस्थः (kūṭasthaḥ) - steady-minded; विजितइन्द्रियः (vijitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered the senses; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - perfection; इति (iti) - thus; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; योगी (yogī) - practitioner of Yoga; समः (samaḥ) - equal; लोष्ट (loṣṭa) - a clod of earth; अश्म (aśma) - a stone; काञ्चनः (kāñcanaḥ) - gold;]
One who is self controlled and serene is situated with equanimity in the Supreme Personality, the Lord. He is of a steady mind, unperturbed by cold or heat, pleasure or pain, honour or dishonour. Having conquered the senses, he is content with knowledge and special knowledge. Such a practitioner of Yoga is said to have achieved perfection in Yoga, who sees equally a lump of mud, a stone, and a gold.
Gīta Bhāshya 6.07 and 08
'vijñānam' - special knowledge, which is nothing but transcendental knowledge. 'kūṭasthaḥ' - one without change or distortions, similar to sky. 'Yogi' - practitioner of Yoga. 'Yukta' - one who has achieved perfection. The results of self-control are explained. Practice of self-control results in transcendental knowledge, which in turn results in complete control over senses, that results in steadfastness.
जितात्मनः फलमाह - जितात्मन इति।
jitātmanaḥ phalamāha - jitātmana iti।
[जितात्मनः (jitātmanaḥ) - of the self-controlled; फलम् (phalam) - the fruit; आह (āha) - says; जितात्मन् (jitātman) - the self-controlled;]
The results of self-control are explained in the verse, 'jitātmana', i.e. one who is self controlled.
जितात्मा हि प्रशान्तो भवति। न तस्य मनः प्रायो विषयेषु गच्छति। तदा च परमात्मा सम्यगाहितः हृदि सन्निहितो भवति। अपरोक्षज्ञानी स भवतीत्यर्थः।
jitātmā hi praśānto bhavati। na tasya manaḥ prāyo viṣayeṣu gacchati। tadā ca paramātmā samyagāhitaḥ hr̥di sannihito bhavati। aparokṣajñānī sa bhavatītyarthaḥ।
[जितात्मा (jitātmā) - The self-controlled; हि (hi) - indeed; प्रशान्तः (praśāntaḥ) - tranquil; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; न (na) - not; तस्य (tasya) - his; मनः (manaḥ) - mind; प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - mostly; विषयेषु (viṣayeṣu) - among objects; गच्छति (gacchati) - goes; तदा (tadā) - then; च (ca) - and; परमात्मा (paramātmā) - the Supreme Soul; सम्यगाहितः (samyagāhitaḥ) - correctly apprehended; हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart; सन्निहितः (sannihitaḥ) - abides; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; अपरोक्षज्ञानी (aparokṣajñānī) - one with direct knowledge; सः (saḥ) - he; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; इति (iti) - thus; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - meaning;]
Indeed, the self-controlled person experiences tranquility. For most of the time, his mind does not wander among sense objects. Then, the Supreme Soul is correctly apprehended and abides in his heart. It means he becomes the one with transcendental knowledge.
अपरोक्षज्ञानिनो लक्षणं स्पष्टयति - शीतोष्णेत्यादिना।
aparokṣajñānino lakṣaṇaṁ spaṣṭayati - śītoṣṇetyādinā।
[अपरोक्षज्ञानिनः (aparokṣajñāninaḥ) - of those with direct knowledge; लक्षणं (lakṣaṇaṁ) - the characteristic; स्पष्टयति (spaṣṭayati) - clarifies; शीतोष्णेत्यादिना (śītoṣṇetyādinā) - by terms such as cold and heat;]
The verse, 'śītoṣṇetyādi', i.e. 'cold or heat, etc.', clarifies the characteristics of the person with transcendental knowledge.
शीतोष्णादिषु कूटस्थः। ज्ञानविज्ञानतृप्तात्मा विजितेंद्रियः इति कूटस्थत्वे हेतुः। विज्ञानं विशेषज्ञानम्। अपरोक्षज्ञानं वा। तच्चोक्तम्-
śītoṣṇādiṣu kūṭasthaḥ। jñānavijñānatr̥ptātmā vijiteṁdriyaḥ iti kūṭasthatve hetuḥ। vijñānaṁ viśeṣajñānam। aparokṣajñānaṁ vā। taccoktam -
[शीतोष्णादिषु (śītoṣṇādiṣu) - in cold and heat, etc.; कूटस्थः (kūṭasthaḥ) - steady-minded; ज्ञानविज्ञानतृप्तात्मा (jñānavijñānatṛptātmā) - contented in knowledge and wisdom; विजितेंद्रियः (vijitendriyaḥ) - having conquered the senses; इति (iti) - thus; कूटस्थत्वे (kūṭasthatve) - in steadfastness; हेतुः (hetuḥ) - the reason; विज्ञानं (vijñānam) - knowledge; विशेषज्ञानम् (viśeṣajñānam) - special knowledge; अपरोक्षज्ञानं (aparokṣajñānam) - direct knowledge; वा (vā) - or; तत् (tat) - that; च (ca) - and; उक्तम् (uktam) - is said;]
The expression 'in cold and heat, etc.' indicates steadfastness. Having obtained the knowledge, and the transcendental knowledge, the person conquers the senses, and is thus contented, and this becomes the cause for steadfastness. The word 'vijñānam' means special knowledge, which is nothing but transcendental knowledge. Thus, it is said:
"सामान्यैर्येत्वविज्ञेया विशेषा मम गोचराः। देवादीनां तु तज्ज्ञानं ज्ञानमिति कीर्तितम्॥"
"sāmānyairyetvavijñeyā viśeṣā mama gocarāḥ। devādīnāṁ tu tajjñānaṁ jñānamiti kīrtitam॥"
[सामान्यैः (sāmānyaiḥ) - by ordinary people; येत्सु (yetsu) - which; अविज्ञेयाः (avijñeyāḥ) - cannot be understood; विशेषाः (viśeṣāḥ) - special; मम (mama) - my; गोचराः (gocharāḥ) - objects of perception; देवादीनाम् (devādīnām) - of gods, etc.; तु (tu) - but; तत् (tat) - that; ज्ञानं (jñānaṁ) - knowledge; ज्ञानमिति (jñānamiti) - knowledge; कीर्तितम् (kīrtitam) - is celebrated;]
"That which cannot be understood by ordinary people about Me, that special knowledge because of which I become visible to gods, is celebrated in the world as actual knowledge."
इति।
iti।
[इति (iti) - thus;]
- stated thus.
"श्रवणान्मननाच्चैव यज्ज्ञानमुपजायते। तज्ज्ञानं दर्शनं विष्णोर्विज्ञानं शम्भुरब्रवीत्॥"
"śravaṇānmananāccaiva yajjñānamupajāyate। tajjñānaṁ darśanaṁ viṣṇorvijñānaṁ śambhurabravīt॥"
[श्रवणात् (śravaṇāt) - from hearing; मननात् (mananāt) - from contemplation; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; यत् (yat) - that which; ज्ञानं (jñānaṁ) - knowledge; उपजायते (upajāyate) - arises; तत् (tat) - that; ज्ञानं (jñānaṁ) - knowledge; दर्शनं (darśanaṁ) - vision; विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of Vishnu; विज्ञानं (vijñānaṁ) - special knowledge; शम्भुः (śambhuḥ) - Shambhu (another name for Lord Shiva); अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke;]
"Indeed, from hearing and contemplation arises that knowledge. By that knowledge vision of Lord Vishnu becomes possible. That special knowledge (vijñānaṁ) was explained by Lord Shambhu."
"विज्ञानं ज्ञानमङ्गादेः विशिष्टं दर्शनं तथा॥"
"vijñānaṁ jñānamaṅgādeḥ viśiṣṭaṁ darśanaṁ tathā॥"
[विज्ञानं (vijñānaṁ) - special knowledge; ज्ञानं (jñānaṁ) - knowledge; अङ्गादेः (aṅgādeḥ) - of Angha (another name for Lord Shiva); विशिष्टं (viśiṣṭaṁ) - specific; दर्शनं (darśanaṁ) - vision, insight; तथा (tathā) - thus;]
"The special knowledge ('vijñāna') is that knowledge which enabled lord Shiva to have special vision."
इत्यादि॥
ityādi॥
[इत्यादि (ityādi) - and so on;]
- and such other testimonials as well.
कूटस्थो निर्विकारः। कूटवत् स्थितः इति व्युत्पत्तेः। कूटम् आकाशः।
kūṭastho nirvikāraḥ। kūṭavat sthitaḥ iti vyutpatteḥ। kūṭam ākāśaḥ।
[कूटस्थः (kūṭasthaḥ) - steady-minded; निर्विकारः (nirvikāraḥ) - without change / distortions; कूटवत् (kūṭavat) - like a sky; स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - situated; इति (iti) - thus; व्युत्पत्तेः (vyutpatteḥ) - the origin; कूटम् (kūṭam) - a peak; आकाशः (ākāśaḥ) - the sky;]
The word 'kūṭasthaḥ' means without change or distortions. Situated 'like a sky' (kūṭavat) is the etymological origin of the word. The word 'kūṭam' means the sky.
"कूटं खं विदलं व्योम सन्धिकाराश उच्यते।"
"kūṭaṁ khaṁ vidalaṁ vyoma sandhikārāśa ucyate।"
[कूटं (kūṭaṁ) - the word 'kūṭaṁ'; खं (khaṁ) - space; विदलं (vidalaṁ) - void; व्योम (vyoma) - sky; सन्धिकाराः (sandhikārāḥ) - that which brings about conjunction; उच्यते (ucyate) - are called;]
"The word 'kūṭaṁ' is explained as the void, the space, the sky, or that which brings about conjunction. "
इत्यभिधानात्।
ityabhidhānāt।
[इत्यभिधानात् (ityabhidhānāt) - by this designation;]
- states the dictionary.
योगी योगं कुर्वन्। युक्तः योगसम्पूर्णः। एवम्भूतो योगानुष्ठाता योगसम्पूर्ण उच्यते इत्यर्थः ॥७,८॥
yogī yogaṁ kurvan। yuktaḥ yogasampūrṇaḥ। evambhūto yogānuṣṭhātā yogasampūrṇa ucyate ityarthaḥ ॥7,8॥
[योगी (yogī) - the yogi; योगं (yogaṁ) - yoga; कुर्वन् (kurvan) - practicing; युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - integrated; योगसम्पूर्णः (yogasampūrṇaḥ) - perfection in yoga; एवंभूतः (evambhūtaḥ) - thus become; योगानुष्ठाता (yogānuṣṭhātā) - practitioner of yoga; योगसम्पूर्णः (yogasampūrṇaḥ) - perfection in yoga; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called; इति (iti) - thus; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - meaning;]
The word 'Yogi' refers to the practitioner of Yoga. The word 'Yukta' refers to one who has achieved perfection. Thus, the expression 'yukta ityucyate yogī' means 'thus a practicing Yogi achieves perfection in Yoga'.
