B.G 18.12
अनिष्टमिष्टं मिश्रं च त्रिविधं कर्मणः फलम्। भवत्यत्यागिनां प्रेत्य न तु संन्यासिनां क्वचित् ॥१२॥
aniṣṭamiṣṭaṃ miśraṃ ca trividhaṃ karmaṇaḥ phalam। bhavatyatyāgināṃ pretya na tu saṃnyāsināṃ kvacit ॥12॥
[अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - undesirable; इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desirable; मिश्रम् (miśram) - mixed; च (ca) - and; त्रिविधम् (trividham) - threefold; कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action; फलम् (phalam) - result; भवति (bhavati) - occurs; अत्यागिनाम् (atyāginām) - for those who have not relinquished; प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death; न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; संन्यासिनाम् (saṃnyāsinām) - for the renounced; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere;]
The results of actions, which are of three types — undesirable, desirable, and mixed — manifest after death for those who have not relinquished, but never for those who have renounced.
Gīta Bhāshya 18.12
Right kind of relinquishment is praised.
त्यागं स्तौति- अनिष्टम् इति ॥१२॥
tyāgaṃ stauti- aniṣṭam iti ॥12॥
[त्यागं (tyāgam) - relinquishement; स्तौति (stauti) - praises; अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - undesirable; इति (iti) - thus;]
Relinquishment is praised in the 'aniṣṭam' verse.
Gīta Tātparya 18.12
Even monkhood or renunciation involves relinquishment. The subtle difference needs to be understood. The monk or renouncer abandons all activities to be performed for someone else's sake. He performs his own duties, relinquishing their results.
अन्येषामिष्टम्। अस्य तु त्यागित्वादेव नेष्टम्।
anyeṣāmiṣṭam। asya tu tyāgitvādeva neṣṭam।
[अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - for others; इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired; अस्य (asya) - for him; तु (tu) - but; त्यागित्वात् (tyāgitvāt) - due to renunciation; एव (eva) - indeed; न (na) - not; इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired;]
The desirable (iṣṭam) in the context are those desired by others, i.e. expectations from others. But for him, due to the attitude of relinquishment, is not desired.
"ज्ञानादेः मोक्षभोग्याच्च नान्यत् स्यात् कर्मणः फलम्। त्यागिनः तत्त्वसंवेत्तुः अन्येषां तदृते फलम्॥"
"jñānādeḥ mokṣabhogyācca nānyat syāt karmaṇaḥ phalam। tyāginaḥ tattvasaṃvettuḥ anyeṣāṃ tadṛte phalam॥"
[ज्ञानादेः (jñānādeḥ) - from knowledge; मोक्षभोग्यात् (mokṣabhogyāt) - from liberation and enjoyment; च (ca) - and; न (na) - not; अन्यत् (anyat) - other; स्यात् (syāt) - there is; कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action; फलम् (phalam) - fruit; त्यागिनः (tyāginaḥ) - of the relinquisher; तत्त्वसंवेत्तुः (tattvasaṃvettuḥ) - of the knower of the true principles or ultimate reality; अन्येषां (anyeṣāṃ) - of others; तदृते (tadṛte) - without that; फलम् (phalam) - fruit;]
"There is no other fruit of actions than knowledge, liberation, and enjoyment. For the relinquisher (tyāgi) there is no other result than the knowledge of the true principles or ultimate reality."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and / as well;]
- stated thus as well.
केवलकाम्यकर्मणां परापेक्षयापि अकरण मित्येतावांस्त्यागात् संन्यासस्य विशेष इत्यत्यागिनां प्रतियोगित्वेन न्यासिनः उक्ताः। त्यागित्वं तेषामपि हि अस्ति।
kevalakāmyakarmaṇāṃ parāpekṣayāpi akaraṇa mityetāvāṃstyāgāt saṃnyāsasya viśeṣa ityatyāgināṃ pratiyogitvena nyāsinaḥ uktāḥ। tyāgitvaṃ teṣāmapi hi asti।
[केवल (kevala) - only; काम्य (kāmya) - desirable; कर्मणां (karmaṇāṃ) - of actions; पर (para) - other; अपेक्षया (apekṣayā) - in comparison; अपि (api) - even; अकरण (akaraṇa) - non-performance; मिति (miti) - measure; एतावान् (etāvān) - this much; त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - than relinquishment; संन्यासस्य (saṃnyāsasya) - of renunciation; विशेष (viśeṣa) - special; इति (iti) - thus; अत्यागिनां (atyāgināṃ) - of non-relinquisher; प्रतियोगित्वेन (pratiyogitvena) - in opposition; न्यासिनः (nyāsinaḥ) - of renouncers; उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - are said; त्यागित्वं (tyāgitvaṃ) - relinquishement; तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them; अपि (api) - also; हि (hi) - indeed; अस्ति (asti) - is.;]
In comparison to the relinquisher (tyāgi) the speciality of 'monkhood' i.e. renunciation is non-performance of actions desired by others. Thus, in comparison to a relinquisher, abandonment of other's desires or abandonment of satisfying expectations from others is advocated for a renouncer. Even among the renouncer, relinquishment exists:
"परेच्छयापि ये काम्यं कर्म कुर्युः न तु क्वचित्। न्यासिनो नाम ते अन्येभ्यः फलत्यागिभ्य उत्तमाः॥"
"parecchayāpi ye kāmyaṃ karma kuryuḥ na tu kvacit। nyāsino nāma te anyebhyaḥ phalatyāgibhya uttamāḥ॥"
[परेच्छया (parecchayā) - by another's desire; अपि (api) - even; ये (ye) - who; काम्यम् (kāmyam) - desired; कर्म (karma) - action; कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - perform; न (na) - not; तु (tu) - but; क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere; न्यासिनः (nyāsinaḥ) - renunciates; नाम (nāma) - indeed; ते (te) - they; अन्येभ्यः (anyebhyaḥ) - than others; फलत्यागिभ्यः (phalatyāgibhyaḥ) - than those who relinquish fruits; उत्तमाः (uttamāḥ) - superior;]
"The monks i.e. renouncers - are superior in comparison to those who perform actions desired by others, even though they relinquish its fruits."
इति च ॥१२॥
iti ca ॥12॥
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and / as well;]
- stated thus as well.
