Māndukya 2.03

कार्यकारणबद्धौ ताविष्येते विश्वतैजसौ। प्राज्ञः कारणबद्धस्तु द्वौ तु तुर्ये न सिद्ध्यतः ॥३॥

kāryakāraṇabaddhau tāviṣyete viśvataijasau। prājñaḥ kāraṇabaddhastu dvau tu turye na siddhyataḥ ॥3॥

[कार्य (kārya) - effect; कारण (kāraṇa) - cause; बद्धौ (baddhau) - bound; तौ (tau) - those two; इष्येते (iṣyete) - are considered; विश्व (viśva) - universal; तैजसौ (taijasau) - and luminous; प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - The Prājña state i.e. deep sleep; कारण (kāraṇa) - cause; बद्धः (baddhaḥ) - bound; तु (tu) - but; द्वौ (dvau) - two; तु (tu) - but; तुर्ये (turye) - in the fourth; न (na) - not; सिद्ध्यतः (siddhyataḥ) - are accomplished;]

The two states, the universal (viśva) and the luminous (taijasa), are bound by cause and effect. The Prājña i.e. deep sleep state, is bound by cause. But the fourth state is not bound by either of the two (i.e. the fourth state is beyond cause and effect).

Bhāshya 2.03

The reference here is only to the various functional states, and defective attributes like 'bound' should not be attributed to the forms of the Lord. Various testimonials are provided clarifying how to resolve such ambiguity. The definition of Sarasvati, the Vedic goddess, is especially of interest - "O lords of gods, my dedication is always to the praise of Vishnu's qualities. Therefore, any other words that oppose that are not my meaning anywhere. I am always on that path, thus called Sarasvati."

"कार्यकारणबन्धस्य तदधीनत्वतो विभुः। विश्वादिरूपो भगवान् बद्ध इत्युच्यते श्रुतौ॥"

"kāryakāraṇabandhasya tadadhīnatvato vibhuḥ। viśvādilūpo bhagavān baddha ityucyate śrutau॥"

[कार्य (kārya) - effect; कारण (kāraṇa) - cause; बन्धस्य (bandhasya) - of bondage; तत् (tat) - that; अधीनत्वतः (adhīnatvataḥ) - due to dependence; विभुः (vibhuḥ) - the all-pervading; विश्व (viśva) - universe; आदि (ādi) - beginning; रूपः (rūpaḥ) - form; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the Lord; बद्धः (baddhaḥ) - bound; इति (iti) - thus; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said; श्रुतौ (śrutau) - in the scriptures;]

"The cause and effect, being bound together is dependent on the all-pervading Lord. Hence the Lord is described in some scriptures as being bound in his forms as Vishva, etc."

इति च।

iti ca।

[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and / as well;]

- stated thus as well.

"स बद्धः स दुःखी स बन्धयति स दुःखयतीति। स जीवः स प्रकृतिः स जनयति स प्रकरोतीति। सोऽवरः सोऽनित्यः सोऽवरयति सोऽनित्ययति॥"

"sa baddhaḥ sa duḥkhī sa bandhaya ti sa duḥkhayati iti। sa jīvaḥ sa prakṛtiḥ sa janayati sa prakaro ti iti। so'varaḥ so'nityaḥ so'varayati so'nityayati॥"

[स (sa) - he; बद्धः (baddhaḥ) - bound; स (sa) - he; दुःखी (duḥkhī) - sorrowful; स (sa) - he; बन्धयति (bandhayati) - binds; स (sa) - he; दुःखयति (duḥkhayati) - causes sorrow; इति (iti) - thus; स (sa) - he; जीवः (jīvaḥ) - living being; स (sa) - he; प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - nature; स (sa) - he; जनयति (janayati) - creates; स (sa) - he; प्रकरोति (prakaro ti) - manifests; इति (iti) - thus; सः (saḥ) - he; अवरः (avaraḥ) - inferior; सः (saḥ) - he; अनित्यः (anityaḥ) - impermanent; सः (saḥ) - he; अवरयति (avarayati) - degrades; सः (saḥ) - he; अनित्ययति (anityayati) - causes impermanence;]

"He is termed 'bound' (baddha), as he binds, and is termed 'sorrowful' (duḥkhī), as he causes sorrow. He is termed a 'living being' (jīvaḥ) as he makes him born and is termed 'nature' (prakṛti) as he manifests. He is termed 'inferior' (avaraḥ) as he degrades and is termed 'impermanent' (anityaya) as he causes impermanence."

इति कौषारवश्रुतिः।

iti kauṣāravaśrutiḥ।

[इति (iti) - thus; कौषारव (kauṣārava) - Kauṣārava; श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - teaching;]

- stated thus in the vedic testimonial of Kauṣārava.

"विष्णोर्गुणोक्तिपरता मम नित्यं सुरेश्वराः। तदर्थमन्यद् वचनमतस्तस्य विरोधि यत्। तन्ममार्थो न हि क्वापि साऽहं तत्सरणात् सदा। सरस्वतीति सम्प्रोक्ता तस्माज्ज्ञेया हरेर्गुणाः॥"

viṣṇorguṇoktiparatā mama nityaṃ sureśvarāḥ। tadarthamanyad vacanamatastasya virodhi yat। tanmamārtho na hi kvāpi sā'haṃ tatsaraṇāt sadā। sarasvatīti samproktā tasmājjñeyā harerguṇāḥ॥

[विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of Vishnu; गुण (guṇa) - qualities; उक्ति (ukti) - praise; परता (paratā) - dedication; मम (mama) - my; नित्यं (nityaṃ) - always; सुरेश्वराः (sureśvarāḥ) - O lords of gods; तदर्थम् (tadartham) - for that purpose; अन्यत् (anyat) - other; वचनम् (vacanam) - words; अतः (atas) - therefore; तस्य (tasya) - of that; विरोधि (virodhi) - opposing; यत् (yat) - which; तत् (tat) - that; मम (mama) - my; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - meaning; न (na) - not; हि (hi) - indeed; क्वापि (kvāpi) - anywhere; सा (sā) - she; अहम् (aham) - I; तत्सरणात् (tatsaraṇāt) - from that path; सदा (sadā) - always; सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvati; इति (iti) - thus; सम्प्रोक्ता (samproktā) - is called; तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore; ज्ञेया (jñeyā) - known; हरेः (hareḥ) - of Hari; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities;]

"O lords of gods, my dedication is always to the praise of Vishnu's qualities. Therefore, any other words that oppose that are not my meaning anywhere. I am always on that path, thus called Sarasvati. Therefore, the qualities of Hari are to be known."

इति महोपनिषदि॥

iti mahopaniṣadi॥

[इति (iti) - thus; महा (mahā) - great; उपनिषदि (upaniṣadi) - in the Upanishad;]

- stated thus in the Mahā Upanishad.