B.G 16.01, 02 and 03
श्रीभगवानुवाच
śrībhagavānuvāca
[श्री (śrī) - auspicious; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the Lord; उवाच (uvāca) - said;]
The Auspicious Lord said:
अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिर्ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः। दानं दमश्च यज्ञश्च स्वाध्यायस्तप आर्जवम् ॥१॥
abhayaṁ sattvasaṁśuddhirjñānayogavyavasthitiḥ। dānaṁ damaśca yajñaśca svādhyāyastapa ārjavam ॥1॥
[अभयम् (abhayam) - fearlessness; सत्त्व (sattva) - purity of mind; संशुद्धिः (saṁśuddhiḥ) - complete purification; ज्ञान (jñāna) - knowledge; योग (yoga) - yoga; व्यवस्थितिः (vyavasthitiḥ) - steadiness; दानम् (dānam) - charity; दमः (damaḥ) - self-control; च (ca) - and; यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice; च (ca) - and; स्वाध्यायः (svādhyāyaḥ) - self-study; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - uprightness;]
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधस्त्यागः शान्तिरपैशुनम्। दया भूतेष्वलोलुत्वं मार्दवं ह्रीरचापलम् ॥२॥
ahiṁsā satyamakrodhastyāgaḥ śāntirapaiśunam। dayā bhūteṣvalolutvaṁ mārdavaṁ hrīracāpalam ॥2॥
[अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence; सत्यं (satyaṁ) - truth; अक्रोधः (akrodhaḥ) - absence of anger; त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - renunciation; शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace; अपैशुनम् (apaiśunam) - non-slander; दया (dayā) - compassion; भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - towards beings; अलोलुत्वं (alolutvaṁ) - absence of greed; मार्दवं (mārdavaṁ) - gentleness; ह्रीः (hrīḥ) - modesty; अचापलम् (acāpalam) - absence of fickleness;]
तेजः क्षमा धृतिः शौचमद्रोहो नातिमानिता। भवन्ति सम्पदं दैवीमभिजातस्य भारत ॥३॥
tejaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ śaucamadroho nātimānitā। bhavanti sampadaṃ daivīmabhijātasya bhārata ॥3॥
[तेजः (tejaḥ) - brilliance; क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness; धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - fortitude; शौचम् (śaucam) - purity; अद्रोहः (adrohaḥ) - non-malice; न (na) - not; अतिमानिता (atimānitā) - pride; भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are; सम्पदम् (sampadam) - qualities; दैवीम् (daivīm) - divine; अभिजातस्य (abhijātasya) - of the born; भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata;]
O Bharata, Fearlessness, purity of mind, complete purification, knowledge, steadiness in yoga, charity, self-control, sacrifice, self-study, austerity, uprightness, non-violence, truth, absence of anger, renunciation, peace, non-slander, compassion towards beings, absence of greed, gentleness, modesty, absence of fickleness, brilliance, forgiveness, fortitude, purity, non-malice, and humility are the divine qualities of those who are born with a divine nature.
Gīta Bhāshya 16.01, 02 and 03
This chapter elaborates on the means and those that are opposed to the means for attainment of man's aim.
'tapa' i.e. austerities, practices beginning with celibacy; 'paiśunaṃ' i.e. slander, speech recounting the faults of others spoken with the malicious intention of causing harm; 'laulyaṁ' i.e. fickleness, conveys attachment; 'acāpalaṁ' i.e. non-fickle state, implies firmness; 'kṣamā' i.e. forgiveness, achieved by giving up anger and not retaliating against the wrong-doer.
पुमर्थसाधनविरोधीनि अनेनाध्यायेन दर्शयति-
pumarthasādhanavirodhīni anenādhyāyena darśayati-
[पुमर्थ (pumartha) - man's aim; साधन (sādhana) - means; विरोधीनि (virodhīni) - opposing; अनेन (anena) - by this; अध्यायेन (adhyāyena) - chapter; दर्शयति (darśayati) - shows;]
This chapter elaborates on the means and those that are opposed to the means for attainment of man's aim.
तपो ब्रह्मचर्यादि।
tapo brahmacaryādi।
[तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; ब्रह्मचर्य (brahmacarya) - celibacy; आदि (ādi) - etc.;]
The word 'tapa' i.e. austerity implies practices such as celibacy and others.
"ब्रह्मचर्यादिकं तपः"
"brahmacaryādikaṃ tapaḥ"
[ब्रह्मचर्य (brahmacarya) - celibacy; आदिकं (ādikaṃ) - beginning with; तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity;]
"The 'tapa' is austerities begins with celibacy."
इत्यभिधानम् ॥१॥
ityabhidhānam ॥1॥
[इति (iti) - thus; अभिधानम् (abhidhānam) - named / declared;]
- it is declared thus.
पैशुनं परोपद्रवनिमित्तदोषाणां राजादेः कथनम्।
paiśunaṃ paropadravanimittadoṣāṇāṃ rājādeḥ kathanam।
[पैशुनं (paiśunam) - slander; परोपद्रव (paropadrava) - harm to others; निमित्त (nimitta) - cause; दोषाणां (doṣāṇāṃ) - of faults; राजादेः (rājādeḥ) - of the king and others; कथनम् (kathanam) - narration;]
The word 'paiśunam' i.e. slander, implies narrating the faults of kings and others with the intent to cause harm.
"परोपद्रवहेतूनां दोषाणां पैशुनं वचः। राजादेस्तु मदाद्भीतेरदृष्टिर्दर्प उच्यते॥"
"paropadravahetūnāṃ doṣāṇāṃ paiśunaṃ vacaḥ। rājādestu madādbhīteradṛṣṭirdarpa ucyate॥"
[परोपद्रव (paropadrava) - causing harm to others; हेतूनां (hetūnāṃ) - of the causes; दोषाणां (doṣāṇāṃ) - of the faults; पैशुनं (paiśunaṃ) - malicious; वचः (vacaḥ) - speech; राजादेः (rājādeḥ) - of the king and others; तु (tu) - but; मदात् (madāt) - from intoxication; भीतेः (bhīteḥ) - from fear; अदृष्टिः (adṛṣṭiḥ) - lack of vision; दर्पः (darpaḥ) - arrogance; उच्यते (ucyate) - is called;]
"The word 'paiśunaṃ' is the speech recounting the faults of others spoken with the malicious intention of causing harm. The arrogance of rulers is often due to their intoxication and fear, leading to a lack of vision."
इत्यभिधानात्।
ityabhidhānāt।
[इति (iti) - thus; अभिधानात् (abhidhānāt) - from the statement;]
- it is declared thus.
लौल्यं रागः।
laulyaṁ rāgaḥ।
[लौल्यं (laulyaṁ) - fickleness; रागः (rāgaḥ) - attachment;]
The word 'laulyaṁ', i.e. fickleness, is used to convey attachment.
रागो लौल्यं तथा रक्तिः
rāgo laulyaṃ tathā raktiḥ
[रागः (rāgaḥ) - attachment; लौल्यं (laulyaṃ) - fickleness; तथा (tathā) - and; रक्तिः (raktiḥ) - affection;]
"Attachment, fickleness, and affection are interconnected emotions."
इत्यभिधानात्।
ityabhidhānāt।
[इति (iti) - thus; अभिधानात् (abhidhānāt) - from the designation;]
- it is declared thus.
अचापलं स्थैर्यम्।
acāpalaṁ sthairyam।
[अचापलं (acāpalaṁ) - steadiness; स्थैर्यम् (sthairyam) - firmness;]
The word 'acāpalaṁ' means firmness.
चपलश्चञ्चलोऽस्थिरः
capalaścañcalo'sthiraḥ
[चपलः (capalaḥ) - fickle; चञ्चलः (cañcalaḥ) - unsteady; अस्थिरः (asthiraḥ) - unstable;]
(Fickle, unsteady, unstable.)
"'capalaḥ' i.e. fickle, 'cañcalaḥ' i.e. unsteady, conveys an unstable state."
इत्यभिधानात् ॥२॥
ityabhidhānāt ॥2॥
[इति (iti) - thus; अभिधानात् (abhidhānāt) - from the designation;]
- it is declared thus.
क्षमा तु क्रोधाभावेन सह अपकर्तुः अनपकारः।
kṣamā tu krodhābhāvena saha apakartuḥ anapakāraḥ।
[क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness; तु (tu) - but; क्रोधाभावेन (krodhābhāvena) - by absence of anger; सह (saha) - with; अपकर्तुः (apakartuḥ) - of the wrongdoer; अनपकारः (anapakāraḥ) - non-retaliation;]
The quality of 'kṣamā' i.e. forgiveness, is achieved by giving up anger and not retaliating against the wrong-doer.
"अक्रोधो दोषकृच्छत्रोः क्षमावान् स निगद्यते।"
"akrodho doṣakṛcchatroḥ kṣamāvān sa nigadyate।"
[अक्रोधः (akrodhaḥ) - absence of anger; दोषकृत् (doṣakṛt) - fault-maker; शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of the enemy; क्षमावान् (kṣamāvān) - forgiving; सः (saḥ) - he; निगद्यते (nigadyate) - is called;]
"He who is free from anger and forgives even the faults of his enemies is called 'kṣamāvān' i.e. a forgiving person."
इत्यभिधानात् ॥३॥
ityabhidhānāt ॥3॥
[इति (iti) - thus; अभिधानात् (abhidhānāt) - from the statement;]
- it is declared thus.
