B.G 13.32
अनादित्वान्निर्गुणत्वात् परमात्माऽयमव्ययः। शरीरस्थोऽपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते ॥३२॥
anāditvānnirguṇatvāt paramātmā'yamavyayaḥ। śarīrastho'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate ॥32॥
[अनादित्वात् (anāditvāt) - due to being without beginning; निर्गुणत्वात् (nirguṇatvāt) - due to being without qualities; परमात्मा (paramātmā) - the Supreme Being; अयम् (ayam) - this; अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - imperishable; शरीरस्थः (śarīrasthaḥ) - situated in the body; अपि (api) - although; कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti; न (na) - does not; करोति (karoti) - act; न (na) - nor; लिप्यते (lipyate) - is affected; ३२ (32) - (verse number);]
The Supreme Being, without beginning and devoid of qualities, is imperishable. Even though it resides in the body, O Arjuna, it neither acts nor is tainted by actions.
Gīta Bhāshya 13.32
His transcendental actions, qualities, etc are described by stating he is beyond ordinary actions and qualities.
न च व्ययादिः तस्य इत्याह - अनादित्वात् इति।
na ca vyayādiḥ tasya ityāha - anāditvāt iti।
[न (na) - not; च (ca) - and; वययादिः (vyayādiḥ) - expenditure and others; तस्य (tasya) - his; इत्याह (ityāha) - thus said; अनादित्वात् (anāditvāt) - due to being without beginning; इति (iti) - thus;]
He is described by the verse 'anādi', i.e. without beginning, as he does not have diminishing and other such tendencies.
सादिः प्रायः व्ययि गुणात्मकं च। 'न करोति' इत्यादेःअर्थः उक्तः पुरस्तात् - न लौकिकः क्रियादिः तस्य, अतो 'न प्रज्ञम्' इत्यादिवदिति।
sādiḥ prāyaḥ vyayi guṇātmakaṃ ca। 'na karoti' ityādeḥarthaḥ uktaḥ purastāt - na laukikaḥ kriyādiḥ tasya, ato 'na prajñam' ityādivaditi।
[सादिः (sādiḥ) - beginning; प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - generally; वयि (vyayi) - in expenditure; गुणात्मकं (guṇātmakaṃ) - qualitative; च (ca) - and; 'न ('na) - not; करोति' (karoti') - does; इत्यादेः (ityādeḥ) - etc.; अर्थः (arthaḥ) - meaning; उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said; पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - before; न (na) - not; लौकिकः (laukikaḥ) - worldly; क्रियादिः (kriyādiḥ) - action etc.; तस्य (tasya) - his; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; 'न ('na) - not; प्रज्ञम्' (prajñam') - wise; इत्यादिवदिति (ityādivaditi) - like etc.;]
(The beginning is generally in expenditure and qualitative. )
The initial phase is usually associated with expenditure and qualities. The meaning of the phrase 'na karoti', i.e. 'does not do', etc. are explained previously - they are not merely worldly. His actions are transcendental, just as statements which say 'He is not knowledgeable', (to mean he possesses transcendental knowledge, and is beyond worldly knowledge).
Gīta Tātparya 13.32
The word 'śarīrasthaḥ', i.e. situated in the body, refers to ordinary being, Jīva. Because the Supreme Being is without beginning and without ordinary qualities, he is not the same as an individual being, and certainly not inert matter. The Supreme Being performs all actions but remains unattached. He is beyond all description. Therefore, He is described by stating - Not this, not that.
शरीरस्थो जीवः।
śarīrastho jīvaḥ।
[शरीरस्थः (śarīrasthaḥ) - situated in the body; जीवः (jīvaḥ) - being;]
The word 'śarīrasthaḥ', i.e. situated in the body, refers to ordinary being, jīva.
"स्वप्नेन शारीरमभिप्रहत्य असुप्तः सुप्तानभिचाकशीति॥"
"svapnena śārīram abhiprahatya asuptaḥ suptān abhicākaśīti॥"
[स्वप्नेन (svapnena) - by dream; शारीरम् (śārīram) - the body; अभिप्रहत्य (abhiprahatya) - having attacked; असुप्तः (asuptaḥ) - not sleeping; सुप्तान् (suptān) - those who are sleeping; अभिचाकशीति (abhicākaśīti) - he watches;]
"In a dream, the consciousness Lord, without being asleep, observes those with bodies who are sleeping."
इति श्रुतेः।
iti śruteḥ।
[इति (iti) - thus; श्रुतेः (śruteḥ) - of the scripture;]
- stated thus in the Vedic testimonial.
"शरीरस्थस्तु संसारी शरीराभिमतेर्मतः। विष्णुः शरीरगोऽप्येष न शरीरस्थ उच्यते॥
"śarīrasthastu saṁsārī śarīrābhimatermataḥ। viṣṇuḥ śarīrago'pyeṣa na śarīrastha ucyate॥
[शरीरस्थः (śarīrasthaḥ) - situated in the body; तु (tu) - but; संसारी (saṁsārī) - worldly; शरीराभिमतेः (śarīrābhimateḥ) - of the one identified with the body; मतः (mataḥ) - considered; विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Vishnu; शरीरगः (śarīragaḥ) - pervading the body; अपि (api) - although; एषः (eṣaḥ) - he; न (na) - not; शरीरस्थः (śarīrasthaḥ) - situated in the body; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said;]
"The worldly person is considered to be identified with the body. But the Lord Vishnu, though pervading the body, is not considered to be confined to it.
शरीराभिमतिर्यस्मात् नैवास्यास्ति कदाचन। तद्गतानां तु दुःखानां भोगोऽभिमतिरुच्यते। तदभावान्नाभिमानी भगवान् पुरुषोत्तमः॥"
śarīrābhimatiryasmāt naivāsyāsti kadācana। tadgatānāṃ tu duḥkhānāṃ bhogo'bhimatirucyate। tadabhāvānnābhimānī bhagavān puruṣottamaḥ॥"
[शरीर (śarīra) - body; अभिमतिः (abhimatiḥ) - attachment; यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because; न (na) - not; एव (eva) - indeed; अस्य (asya) - his; अस्ति (asti) - is; कदाचन (kadācana) - ever; तत् (tat) - that; गतानाम् (gatānām) - gone; तु (tu) - but; दुःखानाम् (duḥkhānām) - of sufferings; भोगः (bhogaḥ) - experience; अभिमतिः (abhimatiḥ) - attachment; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said; तत् (tat) - that; अभावात् (abhāvāt) - due to absence; न (na) - not; अभिमानी (abhimānī) - attached; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the blessed; पुरुषोत्तमः (puruṣottamaḥ) - Supreme Person;]
The Supreme Person, being detached from the body, is not affected by past sufferings. Therefore, he is considered the Blessed One (Bhagavān), free from attachment."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and;]
- stated thus, as well.
अनादित्वात् निर्गुणत्वात् परमात्मा जीवोऽपि न। किमुत जडं न भवतीति। शरीरोत्पत्तिलक्षणमप्यादिमत्त्वं परमस्य नास्तीति विशेषः। जीवस्य हि तदस्तीति। सत्त्वादिगुणसम्बन्धश्च।
anāditvāt nirguṇatvāt paramātmā jīvo'pi na। kimuta jaḍaṃ na bhavatīti। śarīrotpattilakṣaṇamapyādimattvaṃ paramasya nāstīti viśeṣaḥ। jīvasya hi tadastīti। sattvādiguaṇasambandhaśca।
[अनादित्वात् (anāditvāt) - due to being without beginning; निर्गुणत्वात् (nirguṇatvāt) - due to being without qualities; परमात्मा (paramātmā) - the Supreme Being; जीवः (jīvaḥ) - the individual being; अपि (api) - also; न (na) - not; किमुत (kimuta) - how much more; जडम् (jaḍam) - inert matter; न (na) - not; भवति (bhavati) - exists; इति (iti) - thus; शरीर (śarīra) - body; उत्पत्ति (utpatti) - creation; लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic; अपि (api) - also; आदिमत्त्वम् (ādimattvam) - beginning; परमस्य (paramasya) - of the Supreme; न (na) - not; अस्ति (asti) - exists; इति (iti) - thus; विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction; जीवस्य (jīvasya) - of the individual being; हि (hi) - indeed; तत् (tat) - that; अस्ति (asti) - exists; इति (iti) - thus; सत्त्व (sattva) - goodness; आदि (ādi) - etc.; गुण (guṇa) - qualities; सम्बन्धः (sambandhaḥ) - connection; च (ca) - and;]
Because the Supreme Being is without beginning and without ordinary qualities, he is not the individual being, and certainly not the inert matter. The speciality of the Supreme is - it does not have the characteristics of the creation of the body, even the beginning, etc.. However, for the individual being, that indeed exists, along with the connection to qualities such as goodness, etc..
सर्वं करोति परमात्मा। तथापि न लिप्यते। वादि प्रसिद्धत्वादेव 'इष्टापूर्तं मन्यमाना वरिष्ठम्' इत्यादिवत् निषेधः।
sarvaṁ karoti paramātmā। tathāpi na lipyate। vādi prasiddhatvādeva 'iṣṭāpūrtaṁ manyamānā variṣṭham' ityādivat niṣedhaḥ।
[सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything; करोति (karoti) - does; परमात्मा (paramātmā) - Supreme Being; तथापि (tathāpi) - yet; न (na) - not; लिप्यते (lipyate) - is attached; वादी (vādi) - arguer; प्रसिद्धत्वात् (prasiddhatvāt) - due to fame; एव (eva) - indeed; इष्टापूर्तम् (iṣṭāpūrtam) - sacrifices and charitable acts; मन्यमाना (manyamānā) - considering; वरिष्ठम् (variṣṭham) - superior; इत्यादिवत् (ityādivat) - like this; निषेधः (niṣedhaḥ) - prohibition;]
The Supreme Being performs all actions but remains unattached. This is similar to the argument "sacrifices and charitable acts are to be performed to satisfy desire" is rejected, and they are recommended, because they are superior.
"कुर्वाणोऽपि यतः सर्वं पुण्यपापैः न लिप्यते। जन्ममृत्यादिरहितः सत्त्वादिगुणवर्जितः। विष्णुः तद्विपरीतस्तु जीवोऽतस्तौ पृथक् सदा॥"
"kurvāṇo'pi yataḥ sarvaṃ puṇyapāpaiḥ na lipyate। janmamṛtyādirahitaḥ sattvādiguṇavarjitaḥ। viṣṇuḥ tadviparītastu jīvo'tastau pṛthak sadā॥"
[कुर्वाणः (kurvāṇaḥ) - performing; अपि (api) - even; यतः (yataḥ) - because; सर्वम् (sarvam) - all; पुण्यपापैः (puṇyapāpaiḥ) - by merits and demerits; न (na) - not; लिप्यते (lipyate) - is affected; जन्ममृत्यादिरहितः (janmamṛtyādirahitaḥ) - free from birth and death, etc.; सत्त्वादिगुणवर्जितः (sattvādiguṇavarjitaḥ) - devoid of qualities like sattva; विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - Vishnu; तद्विपरीतः (tadviparītaḥ) - opposite to that; तु (tu) - but; जीवः (jīvaḥ) - the normal being; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; तौ (tau) - those two; पृथक् (pṛthak) - separate; सदा (sadā) - always;]
"Even though Lord Vishnu performs all actions, he remains unaffected by merits and demerits, free from birth and death, and devoid of qualities like sattva. In contrast, the normal being is always separate from him."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and / as well;]
- stated thus, as well.
'स एष नेति नेति'
'sa eṣa neti neti'
[स (sa) - this; एष (eṣa) - he; नेति (neti) - not this; नेति (neti) - not this;]
"He is beyond all descriptions, not this, not that."(Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 2.3.6)
इत्यादि च ॥३२॥
ityādi ca ॥32॥
[इति (iti) - thus; आदि (ādi) - beginning; च (ca) - and;]
- stated thus, as well.
