B.G 5.06
संन्यासस्तु महाबाहो दुःखमाप्तुमयोगतः। योगयुक्तो मुनिर्ब्रह्म न चिरेणाधिगच्छति ॥६॥
saṁnyāsastu mahābāho duḥkhamāptumaYōgataḥ। Yōgayukto munirbrahma na cireṇādhigacchati ॥6॥
[संन्यासः तु महाबाहो दुःखम् आप्तुम् अयोगतः। योगयुक्तो मुनिः ब्रह्म न चिरेण अधिगच्छति॥
saṁnyāsaḥ = renunciation; tu = but; mahābāho = O mighty-armed (addressing Arjuna); duḥkham = sorrow; āptum = to alleviate; aYōgataḥ = without the practice of Yōga;। Yōgayukto = one endowed with Yōga; muniḥ = monk; brahma = Brahman, the ultimate reality; na cireṇa = without delay; adhigacchati = reaches;]
O Arjuna, mere renunciation without being engaged in Yōga results in misery. The monk who is engaged in Yōga attains that Brahman, the supreme reality without delay.
Gīta Bhāshya 5.06
Yōga is superior to mere renunciation. Thus, when one combines renunciation with Yōga, it yields the ultimate good, hence become 'yōgayukto'. 'muni' - one who has given up desire and anger.
इतश्च संन्यासाद् योगो वरः इत्याह - संन्यासस्तु इति।
itaśca saṁnyāsād yogo varaḥ ityāha - saṁnyāsastu iti।
[इतः (itaḥ) - from this; च (ca) - and; संन्यासात् (saṁnyāsāt) - from renunciation; योगः (Yōgaḥ) - Yōga; वरः (varaḥ) - superior, better; इति (iti) - thus; आह (āha) - (he) says; संन्यासः (saṁnyāsaḥ) - renunciation; तु (tu) - but; इति (iti) - thus;]
The 'saṁnyāsastu' verse conveys that Yōga is superior to mere renunciation.
योगाभावे मोक्षादिफलं न भवति। अतः कामजयादि दुःखमेव तस्य। मोक्षाद्येव हि फलं।अन्यत् फलम् अल्पत्वात् अफलमेव इति आशयः। तच्चोक्तं-
yogābhāve mokṣādiphalaṁ na bhavati। ataḥ kāmajayādi duḥkhameva tasya। mokṣādyeva hi phalaṁ।anyat phalam alpatvāt aphalameva iti āśayaḥ। taccoktaṁ
[योगाभावे (yogābhāve) - in the absence of Yōga; मोक्षादिफलं (mokṣādiphalaṁ) - the result of liberation, etc.; न (na) - not; भवति (bhavati) - happens; अतः (ataḥ) - therefore; कामजयादि (kāmajayādi) - conquest of desires, etc.; दुःखमेव (duḥkhameva) - only suffering; तस्य (tasya) - its; मोक्षाद्येव (mokṣādyeva) - liberation itself; हि (hi) - indeed; फलं (phalaṁ) - the result; अन्यत् (anyat) - other; फलम् (phalam) - result; अल्पत्वात् (alpatvāt) - due to being less; अफलमेव (aphalameva) - is like non-result; इति (iti) - thus; आशयः (āśayaḥ) - the meaning; तच्चोक्तं(tacchoktaṁ) - therefore, it is said;]
In the absence of Yōga, one does not obtain liberation and such results. Thus, conquering desire and others (senses) will only result in misery. The intended meaning is - Only the liberation is considered as a result, as in comparison to liberation, everything else, being inferior, is like non-result. Therefore, it is said:
"विना मोक्षफलं यत्तु न तत्फलमुदीर्यते।"
"vinā mokṣaphalaṁ yattu na tatphalamudīryate।"
[विना (vinā) - without; मोक्षफलं (mokṣaphalaṁ) - the fruit of liberation; यत् (yat) - whatever; तु (tu) - but; न (na) - not; तत् (tat) - that; फलम् (phalam) - result; उदीर्यते (udīryate) - is expressed or declared;]
"Whatever is without the fruit of liberation, that is not considered as a result."
इति पाद्मे।
iti pādme।
[iti pādme = states Padma Purana;]
-states Padma Purana.
यत्तु महत्फलयोग्यं तस्य फलं फलमेव न भवति। यथा पद्मरागस्य तण्डुलमुष्टिः। महाफलश्च योगयुक्तश्चेत् संन्यास इत्याह - योगयुक्त इति। मुनिः संन्यासी। तथाचोक्तम्-
yattu mahatphalayogyaṁ tasya phalaṁ phalameva na bhavati। yathā padmarāgasya taṇḍulamuṣṭiḥ। mahāphalaśca Yōgayuktaścet saṁnyāsa ityāha - Yōgayukta iti। muniḥ saṁnyāsī। tathācoktam
[यत् (yat) - whatever; तु (tu) - but; महत्फलयोग्यं (mahatphalayogyaṁ) - capable of great fruit (benefit); तस्य (tasya) - its; फलं (phalaṁ) - result; फलमेव (phalameva) - just fruit; न (na) - not; भवति (bhavati) - becomes; यथा (yathā) - as; पद्मरागस्य (padmarāgasya) - of a ruby; तण्डुलमुष्टिः (taṇḍulamuṣṭiḥ) - (the size of) a fist; महाफलः (mahāphalaḥ) - great fruit; च (ca) - and; योगयुक्तः (Yōgayuktaḥ) - one endowed with Yōga; चेत् (cet) - if; संन्यासः (saṁnyāsaḥ) - renunciation; इत्याह (ityāha) - says; योगयुक्तः (Yōgayuktaḥ) - one endowed with Yōga; इति (iti) - thus; मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage; संन्यासी (saṁnyāsī) - renunciate; tathācoktam = thus it is said;]
A fist full of rice is not considered valuable compared to a precious ruby stone. Similarly, compared to whatever is capable of yielding great results, the miner results are considered as no result. When the renunciation is combined with Yōga, the greatest of results is possible. Hence it is told - 'Yōgayukta', i.e. engage yourself in Yōga. The word 'muni' means ascetic. Thus it is said:
"स हि लोके मुनिर्नाम यः कामक्रोधवर्जितः।"
"sa hi loke munirnāma yaḥ kāmakrodhavarjitaḥ।"
[स (saḥ) - He; हि (hi) - indeed; लोके (loke) - in the world; मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage; नाम (nāma) - named; यः (yaḥ) - who; कामक्रोधवर्जितः (kāmakrodhavarjitaḥ) - devoid of desire and anger;]
"Indeed, in this world he is called 'muni', i.e. monk, who has given up desire and anger."
इति ॥६॥
iti ॥6॥
[iti = thus;]
-states testimonial.
Gīta Tātparya 5.06
Yōga is performing the activities without expectation and offering the results to lord Vishnu. Mere renunciation in the form of abandoning activities results in misery.
"मोक्षोपायो योग इति तद्रूपो न्यास एव तु। विष्ण्वर्पिततया भद्रो नाऽन्यो न्यासः कथञ्चन॥"
"mokṣopāyo Yōga iti tadrūpo nyāsa eva tu। viṣṇvarpitatayā bhadro nā'nyo nyāsaḥ kathañcana॥"
[ मोक्षोपायः (mokṣopāyaḥ) - means of liberation; योगः (yogaḥ) - yoga; इति (iti) - thus; तद्रूपः (tadrūpaḥ) - that form; न्यासः (nyāsaḥ) - renunciation; एव (eva) - indeed; तु (tu) - but; विष्णुअर्पिततया (viṣṇuarpitatayā) - offered to Vishnu; भद्रः (bhadraḥ) - auspicious; न (na) - not; अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other; न्यासः (nyāsaḥ) - renunciation; कथञ्चन (kathañcana) - in any way;]
"The solution to liberation is Yōga. Its form only is renunciation. That which is offered to lord Vishnu is auspicious and considered as renunciation. There is no other way to renounce."
इति आग्नेये।
iti āgneye।
[iti āgneye - states Agni Purana;]
- states Agni Purana.
विष्ण्वर्पितत्वादियोगरूपत्वं विना केवलकर्मत्यागो नरकफल एव।
viṣṇvarpitatvādiYōgarūpatvaṁ vinā kevalakarmatyāgo narakaphala eva।
[विष्णुअर्पितत्वात् (viṣṇuarpitatvāt) - due to being offered to Vishnu; अदियोगरूपत्वं (adiyogarūpatvaṁ) - the nature of being a form of yoga; विना (vinā) - without; केवलकर्मत्यागः (kevalakarmatyāgaḥ) - mere renunciation of action; नरकफलः (naraka phalaḥ) - the fruit of hell; एव (eva) - indeed;]
Only those activities performed as an offering to lord Vishnu is of the form of Yōga. Without such an attitude, if one renounces just the activities, it only results in misery.
"यं संन्यासमिति प्राहुर्योगं तं विद्धि पाण्डव" (गीत ६.२)
"yaṁ saṁnyāsamiti prāhurYōgaṁ taṁ viddhi pāṇḍava" (gīta 6.2)
[यं (yaṁ) - which; संन्यासमिति (saṁnyāsamiti) - they call renunciation; प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say; योगं (yogaṁ) - yoga; तं (taṁ) - that; विद्धि (viddhi) - understand; पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pandava (Arjuna);]
"That which is termed as renunciation, understand it to be Yōga as well." (Gīta 6.2)
इति वक्ष्यमाणत्वात्। योगविशेषत्वात् न्यासस्य पृथगुक्तिः ॥६॥
iti vakṣyamāṇatvāt। Yōgaviśeṣatvāt nyāsasya pr̥thaguktiḥ ॥6॥
[इति (iti) - thus; वक्ष्यमाणत्वात् (vakṣyamāṇatvāt) - due to being about to be spoken; योगविशेषत्वात् (yogaviśeṣatvāt) - because of the particularity of yoga; न्यासस्य (nyāsasya) - of renunciation; पृथग् (pṛthag) - separately; उक्तिः (uktiḥ) - statement;]
- it is stated thus in the future. Because of the speciality of Yōga, compared to mere renunciation, it is separately mentioned.
