B.G 2.50
बुद्धियुक्तो जहातीह उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते। तस्माद्योगाय युज्यस्व योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् ॥२-५०॥
buddhiyuktō jahātīha ubhē sukr̥taduṣkr̥tē। tasmādyōgāya yujyasva yōgaḥ karmasu kauśalam ॥2-50॥
[ बुद्धि-युक्तो जहाति इह उभे सुकृत-दुष्कृते। तस्मात् योगाय युज्यस्व योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् ॥२-५०॥
buddhi-yuktō = possessed with the knowledge (of the lord); jahāti = renounce; iha = here; ubhē = both; sukr̥ta-duṣkr̥tē = results of good and bad deeds; tasmāt = therefore; yōgāya = in Yōga; yujyasva = engagge in; yōgaḥ = Yōga is; karmasu kauśalam = skill in the performance of the actions (for His sake);]
Possessed with the knowledge of the lord he renounces here and now the results of both the good and bad deeds. Therefore, engage yourself in Yōga. Yōga is skill in performing the actions for His sake.
Gīta Bhāshya 2.50
It is necessary to aspire towards liberation. The liberated do experience bliss after liberation, by the grace of the Lord. It is not an attribute less empty state. The unique individuality of the being, 'Upādi', continues even after liberation. Ēkībhūta, i.e. 'Becoming one', means togetherness with the Lord. The liberated have non-material bodies, similar to the lord. The liberated region, Mōksha, is one only, and all liberated, without exception, reach the same Mōksha. The undesirable imprints must be removed completely before one can attain liberation.
ज्ञानफलमाह – 'बुदि्धयुक्त' इति।
jñānaphalamāha – 'budidhayukta' iti।
[jñānaphalamāha = the results of knowledge is stated; 'budidhayukta' iti = by 'budidhayukta' verse;]
The outcome resulting from knowledge is stated in 'buddhiyukta' verse.
सुकृतमपि अप्रियं मानुष्यादिफलं जहाति न बृहत्फलम् उपासनादिनिमित्तम्।
sukr̥tamapi apriyaṁ mānuṣyādiphalaṁ jahāti na br̥hatphalam upāsanādinimittam।
[sukr̥tamapi = even the good deeds; apriyaṁ = not dear; mānuṣyādiphalaṁ = results responsible for human birth; jahāti = avoid; na = not; br̥hatphalam = the greater result; upāsanādinimittam = by the acts of worship, for the sake of;]
Even the good deeds responsible for human birth are not dear to the knowledgeable, but they do not avoid the greater good obtained by the acts of worship.
"न हास्य कर्म क्षीयते", "अविदित्वास्मिन् लोके जुहोति यजते तपस्तप्यते बहूनि वर्षसहस्राण्यन्तवदेवास्य तद्भवति॥"
-इत्यादिश्रुतिभ्यः।
"na hāsya karma kṣīyatē", "aviditvāsmin lōkē juhōti yajatē tapastapyatē bahūni varṣasahasrāṇyantavadēvāsya tadbhavati॥"
-ityādiśrutibhyaḥ।
[na = not; hāsya = his, the knowledgeable's; karma = results of action; kṣīyatē = decreases; aviditvāsmin = for one who is without knowledge; lōkē = in the world; juhōti = sacrifices; yajatē = performs; tapastapyatē = performs penances; bahūni = several, many; varṣasahasrāṇyantavadēvāsya = thousands of years, comes to an end; as if; tadbhavati = it happens, just like that;]
[ityādiśrutibhyaḥ = - there are such testemonials;]
"His (the knowledgeable) results of action do not decrease", "For one who is without knowledge, even the sacrifices and penances performed for several years ends in no time."
- there are such testimonials.
अतः कर्मक्षयश्रुतिः अज्ञानिविषया सर्वत्र। उभयक्षयश्रुतिरपि अनिष्टविषया । न हि इष्टपुण्यक्षये किञ्चित् प्रयोजनम्। न च इष्टनाशो ज्ञानिनो युक्तः। इष्टाश्च केचिद्विषयाः।
ataḥ karmakṣayaśrutiḥ ajñāniviṣayā sarvatra। ubhayakṣayaśrutirapi aniṣṭaviṣayā । na hi iṣṭapuṇyakṣayē kiñcit prayōjanam। na ca iṣṭanāśō jñāninō yuktaḥ। iṣṭāśca kēcidviṣayāḥ।
[ataḥ = therefore; karmakṣayaśrutiḥ = the testimonials that speak to erosion of results of action; ajñāniviṣayā = are addressed towards not knowledgeable; sarvatra = everywhere; ubhayakṣayaśrutirapi = even those testimonials that speak to both (good and bad actions) getting eroded; aniṣṭaviṣayā = are directed towards undesirable (material) topics; na = not; hi = certainly; iṣṭapuṇyakṣayē = erosion of good results from action; kiñcit = any; prayōjanam = utility; na ca = nor is it; iṣṭanāśō = destruction of desirable;jñāninō = for the knowledgeable; yuktaḥ = is agreeable;। iṣṭāśca = desire for liberation are; kēcidviṣayāḥ = some of these topics;
NOTE: 'ishta' = desirable results for the purpose of liberation. 'anista' = undesirable results, both good and bad, directed towards the material world.]
Therefore, the testimonials that speak to erosion of results of action are always addressed towards ignorant. Even those testimonials that speak to results of both good and bad actions getting eroded are directed towards undesirable material topics only. Certainly no purpose gets served by erosion of results of actions performed for the sake of desirable liberation. The wise do not agree with the destruction of the results required for liberation. It is necessary to aspire towards liberation.
"स यदि पितृलोककामो भवति सङ्कल्पादेवास्य पितरः समुत्तिष्ठन्ति।", "प्रजापतेः सभां वेश्म प्रपद्ये।" "यशोहं भवामि ब्राह्मणानाम्।", "स्त्रीभिर्वा यानैर्वा।", "अस्मात् ह्येवात्मनो यद्यत् कामयते तत्तत् सृजते।", "कामान्नी काम रूप्यनुसञ्जरन्।", "स एकधा भवति।"
-इत्यादि श्रुतिभ्यः।
"sa yadi pitr̥lōkakāmō bhavati saṅkalpādēvāsya pitaraḥ samuttiṣṭhanti।", "prajāpatēḥ sabhāṁ vēśma prapadyē।" "yaśōhaṁ bhavāmi brāhmaṇānām।", "strībhirvā yānairvā।", "asmāt hyēvātmanō yadyat kāmayatē tattat sr̥jatē।", "kāmānnī kāma rūpyanusañjaran।", "sa ēkadhā bhavati।"
-ityādi śrutibhyaḥ।
[sa yadi = if he; pitr̥lōkakāmō = desires to see ancestral world; bhavati saṅkalpādēvāsya = it happens just by mental determination; pitaraḥ = the ancestors; samuttiṣṭhanti = stand infront; prajāpatēḥ sabhāṁ = The assembly hall of the creator; vēśma prapadyē = I enter; yaśōhaṁ bhavāmi = I will become famous; brāhmaṇānām = compered to Brahmins; strībhirvā yānairvā = Roam on cars with ladies; asmāt hyēvātmanō = From this very self; yadyat kāmayatē = whatever he desires; tattat sr̥jatē = those get created; kāmānnī kāma = taking pleasure from what he desires; rūpyanusañjaran = taking forms that he desires; sa ēkadhā bhavati = he becomes one essence;]
[ityādi = such are the; śrutibhyaḥ = testimonials;]
"If he wishes to see the ancestral world, it happens just by mental determination. The ancestors stand in-front of him.",
"I enter the assembly hall of the creator.",
"I will become successful even compered to Brahmins.",
"They roam on cars with ladies.",
"Whatever he wishes from this very self, those get created.",
"He takes joy from whatever he wishes, taking forms that he wishes.",
"He becomes one essence."
- such are the testimonials.
बहुत्वेप्यात्मसुखस्य पुनरिष्टत्वात् कर्मसुखे न विरोधः। अनुभवशक्तिश्च इश्वरप्रसादात्। श्रुतेश्च। न च शरीरपातात् पूर्वमेतत्-
bahutvēpyātmasukhasya punariṣṭatvāt karmasukhē na virōdhaḥ। anubhavaśaktiśca iśvaraprasādāt। śrutēśca। na ca śarīrapātāt pūrvamētat-
[bahutvēpyātmasukhasya = the self pleasure is of multiple types; punariṣṭatvāt = agreable, repeatedly; karmasukhē = the pleasure derived from action; na virōdhaḥ = is not opposed; anubhavaśaktiśca = the capacity to experience; iśvaraprasādāt = by the grace of the Lord; śrutēśca = is showed by testimonials as well; na ca = not so; śarīrapātāt = destruction of the body; pūrvamētat = before the;]
The self-joy is of multiple types, agreeable, and derived repeatedly. This is not opposed to the joy derived from action (without expectations, to please the Lord). The capacity to experience joy is got by the grace of the Lord. These experiences are not before the destruction of the body, (but after liberation). This is showed by testimonials as well:
"स तत्र पर्येति", "एतमानन्दमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य"
इत्याद्युत्तरत्र श्रवणात्।
"sa tatra paryēti", "ētamānandamayamātmānamupasaṅkramya"
ityādyuttaratra śravaṇāt।
[sa = he; tatra = there; paryēti = travels; ētamānandam = this joy; ayamātmānam = is of this self; upasaṅkramya = after leaving the body;]
[ityādyuttaratra = therefore, they are after leaving the body; śravaṇāt = heard, indicative]
"He travels there.", "This joy, of this self, after leaving the body."
Therefore, they indicate the experiences after leaving the body.
न च एकीभूत एव ब्रह्मणा सः।
na ca ēkībhūta ēva brahmaṇā saḥ।
[na ca = not so; ēkībhūta = becoming one; ēva = means; brahmaṇā saḥ = becoming brahman;]
Ēkībhūta, i.e. 'Becoming one', does not mean becoming brahman.
"मग्नस्य हि परेSज्ञाने किं न दुःखतरं भवेत्।"
"magnasya hi parēSjñānē kiṁ na duḥkhataraṁ bhavēt।"
[magnasya = having immersed; hi = certainly; parēSjñānē = other non-knowledge, ignorance of previous existence; kiṁ na =why not; duḥkhataraṁ bhavēt = does he become miserable;]
"Having immersed himself in permanent ignorance of previous existence, why doesn't he become miserable?"
इत्यादि निन्दनात् मोक्षधर्मे। परिहारे पृथग् भोगाभिधानाच्च। शुकादीनां पृथक् दृष्टेश्च।
ityādi nindanāt mōkṣadharmē। parihārē pr̥thag bhōgābhidhānācca। śukādīnāṁ pr̥thak dr̥ṣṭēśca।
[ityādi = such statements; nindanāt = condemned; mōkṣadharmē = in Mokshadharma-parva of Mahabharata; parihārē = as a solution; pr̥thag = separate; bhōgābhidhānācca = enoyments of pleasures; śukādīnāṁ = the liberated like sage Shuka; pr̥thak = separate; dr̥ṣṭēśca = are seen;]
Such statements condemn (the losing of previous identity) in Mokshadharma-parva of Mahabharata. Query is resolved by suggesting separate enjoyments of pleasures (for the liberated). Sage Shuka is seen and described as having a separate existence after attaining liberation.
"जगद्व्यापार वर्जम्"
"jagadvyāpāra varjam" - Brahma Sutra 4.4.17
[jagadvyāpāra = governing of universal activities; varjam = are excluded;]
"Governing of universal activities are excluded" - Brahma Sutra 4.4.17
इति ऐश्वर्यमर्यादोक्तेश्च।
iti aiśvaryamaryādōktēśca।
[iti = stating thus; aiśvaryamaryādōktēśca = limit is put on the abilities (of the liberated)]
Stating thus, limit is put on the abilities of the liberated.
"इदं ज्ञानमुपाश्रित्य मम साधर्म्यमागताः।"
"idaṁ jñānamupāśritya mama sādharmyamāgatāḥ। - Gita 14.2"
[idaṁ = this; jñānamupāśritya = taking refuge in knowledge; mama = my; sādharmyamāgatāḥ = they have come to be stationed in my nature;]
"By taking refuge in this knowledge they have come to be stationed in my nature." - Gita 14.2
इति च। उपाधिनाशे नाशाच्च प्रतिबिम्बस्य। न च एकीभूतस्य पृथक् ज्ञाने मानं पश्यामः।
iti ca। upādhināśē nāśācca pratibimbasya। na ca ēkībhūtasya pr̥thak jñānē mānaṁ paśyāmaḥ।
[iti = stated thus; ca = as well; upādhināśē = by the destruction of the unique appearance; nāśācca = gets destroyed; pratibimbasya = the reflected image; na ca = does not mean; ēkībhūtasya = the becoming one; pr̥thak = separate; jñānē mānaṁ = is understood; paśyāmaḥ = is perceived;]
-stated thus as well in Bhagavad Gita. The reflected image gets destroyed by destruction of the 'upādi', i.e. its unique appearance. That does not mean we perceive and understand the separate as becoming one.
"आसं दुःखी नासम्।"
"āsaṁ duḥkhī nāsam।"
[āsaṁ = I exist; duḥkhī = with misery; nāsam = never;]
"I never exist with misery."
इति ज्ञानविरोधाच्च ईश्वरस्य। अनेन रूपेण इति च भेदाभावात्।
iti jñānavirōdhācca īśvarasya। anēna rūpēṇa iti ca bhēdābhāvāt।
[iti = thus; jñānavirōdhācca = is opposed to the knowledge; īśvarasya = of the lord; anēna rūpēṇa = with different forms; iti ca = stating thus; bhēdābhāvāt = cannot not be differentiated;]
Based on the above testimonial (lord experiencing misery) is opposed and does not align with knowledge characteristics of the lord. It cannot be because of different forms of the lord, as His forms are non-different, (he being defect less).
न च प्रतिबिम्बस्य बिम्बैक्यं लोके पश्यामः। उपाधिनाशे मानं वा।
na ca pratibimbasya bimbaikyaṁ lōkē paśyāmaḥ। upādhināśē mānaṁ vā।
[na ca = does not; pratibimbasya = the reflection; bimbaikyaṁ = merging with the original; lōkē paśyāmaḥ = is seen in the world; upādhināśē = the uniqueness is destroyed; mānaṁ = evidence, testemonials; vā = not substantiated;]
The reflection merging with the original is not seen in the world. There are no testemonials or evidence to substantiate the same.
"मग्नस्य हि परेSज्ञाने"
"magnasya hi parēSjñānē"
"magnasya = engrossed; hi = certainly; parēSjñānē = non-remeberance, ignorance;"
"Non-remembrance is certainly immersing oneself in ignorance." - (ancient proverb
)
इति दुःखात्मकत्वोक्तेश्च।
iti duḥkhātmakatvōktēśca।
[iti = thus; duḥkhātmakatvōktēśca = person with misery is only indicated;]
By stating thus a person with misery is only indicated.
"यावदात्मभावित्वात्" (यावदात्मभावित्वाच्च न दोषस्तद्दर्शनात् - Brahma Sutra 2.3.30)
"yāvadātmabhāvitvāt" (yāvadātmabhāvitvācca na dōṣastaddarśanāt - Brahma Sutra 2.3.30)
"yāvadātmabhāvitvāt" = it persists as long as the sentient exists (yāvadātmabhāvitvācca na dōṣastaddarśanāt - Brahma Sutra 2.3.30)
"It persists as long as the sentient exists" (it persists as long as the sentient exists, there is no error in perceiving it - Brahma Sutra 2.3.30)
इति उपाधि नित्यताSभिधानाच्च । अतः अन्यवचनं प्रतीयमानमपि औपचारिकम्।
iti upādhi nityatāSbhidhānācca । ataḥ anyavacanaṁ pratīyamānamapi aupacārikam।
iti = by stating thus; upādhi = upāddi, i.e., uniqueness of the sentient; nityatāSbhidhānācca = is asserted as everlasting; ataḥ = therefore; anyavacanaṁ = other statements; pratīyamānamapi = though perceived; aupacārikam = are superficial;
By stating thus in Brahma Sutras, 'Upādi', i.e. the uniqueness of the sentient, is asserted as everlasting. Therefore, other statements, though perceived as conveying union, are superficial.
दृष्टाश्च ते भगवतो भिन्नाः नारदेन। प्रतिशाखं च "स एकधा" इत्यादिषु भेदेन प्रतीयन्ते। विरोधे तु युक्तिमताम् एव बलवत्त्वम्। युक्तयश्चात्रोक्ताः "मग्नस्य हि" इत्यादयः। अतो जले जलैकीभाववत् एकीभावः। उक्तं च -
dr̥ṣṭāśca tē bhagavatō bhinnāḥ nāradēna। pratiśākhaṁ ca "sa ēkadhā" ityādiṣu bhēdēna pratīyantē। virōdhē tu yuktimatām ēva balavattvam। yuktayaścātrōktāḥ "magnasya hi" ityādayaḥ। atō jalē jalaikībhāvavat ēkībhāvaḥ। uktaṁ ca-
[dr̥ṣṭāśca = he has seen; tē = them; bhagavatō bhinnāḥ = different from the lord; nāradēna = by Nārada; pratiśākhaṁ ca = in every branch of Vedas; "sa ēkadhā" = he is together; ityādiṣu = by these statements; bhēdēna pratīyantē = indicates difference only;। virōdhē = when contrary views; tu = there are; yuktimatām = the one that is logical and experiential; ēva = only; balavattvam = has more streanght; yuktayaścātrōktāḥ = what we said earlier is logical and experiential; "magnasya hi" = the sentient experiencing misery due to ignorance and the lord never experiencing misery; ityādayaḥ = such examples; atō = thus; jalē jalaikībhāvavat = the water becoming water (when rivers join the ocean); ēkībhāvaḥ = is stated in terms of aquiring similar quality; uktaṁ ca = it is said as well;]
There are testimonials stating sage Narada has seen the liberated different from the Lord. In every branch of Vedas, by stating "he is together (with the lord)", separate identity is only indicated. When there are contrary views, the one that is logical and experiential has more strength. The earlier stated examples are logical and experiential, i.e., the sentient experiencing misery because of ignorance, and the lord never experiencing misery. Thus, the water becoming water (when rivers join the ocean) is stated in terms of acquiring similar quality. It is said-
"यथोदकं शुद्धे शुद्धम्", "यथा नद्यः"
"yathōdakaṁ śuddhē śuddham", "yathā nadyaḥ"
[yathōdakaṁ = as the puifactory water; śuddhē = that is pure; śuddham = makes others pure;, yathā = the way; nadyaḥ = rivers (join the ocean);]
"The way the purificator water (shudhodaka), that is pure, purifies.", "The way rivers join the ocean."
इत्यादौ। तत्रापि अन्योन्यात्मकत्वे वृद्ध्यसम्भवः। अस्ति च ईषत् समुद्रेपि द्वारि। महत्त्वात् अन्यत्रादृष्टिः।
ityādau। tatrāpi anyōnyātmakatvē vr̥ddhyasambhavaḥ। asti ca īṣat samudrēpi dvāri। mahattvāt anyatrādr̥ṣṭiḥ।
[ityādau = such statements; tatrāpi = even there; anyōnyātmakatvē = due to getting mixed, and not becoming one vr̥ddhyasambhavaḥ = the quantity is increased; asti ca = there exists even;īṣat samudrēpi dvāri = increased water quanity near estuary; mahattvāt = because of its large size; anyatrādr̥ṣṭiḥ = it is not visible elsewhere;]
Even in such statements, we see an increase in the quantity as the elements get mixed, and they do not lose their individuality. Increased water only is seen near estuaries where rivers enters ocean. It is not visible elsewhere due to the large size of the ocean.
"ता एवापो ददौ तस्य स ऋषिः शंसितव्रतः।"
"tā ēvāpō dadau tasya sa r̥ṣiḥ śaṁsitavrataḥ।"
[tā ēvāpō = that water only; dadau = he gave; tasya = from it; sa r̥ṣiḥ = that sage; śaṁsitavrataḥ = who was engaged in praiseworthy vow;]
"That water only he gave from it, that sage who was engaged in praiseworthy vow."
इति महाकौर्मे समर्थानां भेदज्ञानाच्च।
iti mahākaurmē samarthānāṁ bhēdajñānācca।
[iti = this context; mahākaurmē = from Mahākaurma Purāna; samarthānāṁ = vindicates; bhēdajñānācca = the knowledge to differentiate;]
This episode from Mahākaurma Purāna (where sage Vasishtha extracted his pure water from the water container of Indra) vindicates the knowledge to differentiate (i.e., the mixed water does not lose its identity).
"नैव तत् प्राप्नुवन्त्येते ब्रह्मेशानादयः सुराः। यत् ते पदं हि कैवल्यम्।"
"naiva tat prāpnuvantyētē brahmēśānādayaḥ surāḥ। yat tē padaṁ hi kaivalyam।"
[naiva tat = none of them; prāpnuvantyētē = attain that; brahmēśānādayaḥ surāḥ = Brahma, Rudra and other gods;। yat tē padaṁ = that supreme position of yours; hi = certainly; kaivalyam = that is only yours;]
"Certainly, none of them, neither Brahma nor Rudra, nor gods, attain that supreme position that is only yours."
इति निषेधाच्च नारदीये। सविचारश्च निर्णयः कृतः मोक्षधर्मेषु। बलवांश्च सविचारो निर्णयो वाक्यमात्रात्। अतो–
iti niṣēdhācca nāradīyē। savicāraśca nirṇayaḥ kr̥taḥ mōkṣadharmēṣu। balavāṁśca savicārō nirṇayō vākyamātrāt। atō–
[iti = thus; niṣēdhācca = there is objection as well (for merging of identities); nāradīyē = based on the testimonials from Nāradiya Purāna; savicāraśca = on this topic, similar; nirṇayaḥ kr̥taḥ = conclusion is arrived at; mōkṣadharmēṣu = in Mōkshadharma testemonial; balavāṁśca = has more streangth; savicārō nirṇayō = analysed conclusion; vākyamātrāt = than just one statement; atō = therefore;]
-thus, there is objection as well for merging of identities, based on the testimonials from Nāradiya Purāna. Similar conclusion is arrived at in Mōkshadharma testimonial on this topic. The analysed conclusion has more strength than just one statement. Therefore -
"यत्र नान्यत् पश्यति"
"yatra nānyat paśyati"
[yatra = Where; nānyat = nothing else; paśyati = he sees;]
"Where he sees nothing else (in liberation)."
इत्याद्यपि तदधीनसत्तादिवाचि। अन्यथा कथम् ऐश्वर्यादि स्यात्। न च तन्मायामयम् इत्युक्तम्। अन्यथा कथं तत्रैव "स एकधा" इत्यादि ब्रूयात्।
ityādyapi tadadhīnasattādivāci। anyathā katham aiśvaryādi syāt। na ca tanmāyāmayam ityuktam। anyathā kathaṁ tatraiva "sa ēkadhā" ityādi brūyāt।
[ityādyapi = such statements; tadadhīnasattādivāci = are indicating dependence on the lord only; anyathā = otherwise; katham = how; aiśvaryādi syāt = can we reconcile statements that indicate infinite wealth; na ca = nor; tanmāyāmayam = that it is illusory; ityuktam = it is said;। anyathā = otherwise; kathaṁ = how; tatraiva = in the same context; "sa ēkadhā" = "the liberated is together with"; ityādi brūyāt = such statements are conveyed;]
Such statements are indicating dependence on the lord only. Otherwise, how can we reconcile statements that attribute infinite wealth to the lord? The stated facts are not an illusion. Else, how is it that statements like - "the liberated is together with (the lord)", are made in the same context?
न च "न ह वै सशरीरस्य" इत्यादि विरोधः। वैलक्षण्यात् तच्छरीराणाम्। अभौतिकानि हि तानि नित्योपाधिविनिर्मितानि ईश्वरशक्त्या। तथा चोक्तम्–
na ca "na ha vai saśarīrasya" ityādi virōdhaḥ। vailakṣaṇyāt taccharīrāṇām। abhautikāni hi tāni nityōpādhivinirmitāni īśvaraśaktyā। tathā cōktam–
[na ca = but, not; "na ha vai saśarīrasya" "those who have body do not get liberated" ityādi virōdhaḥ = is opposed to such testimonials; vailakṣaṇyāt = is different; taccharīrāṇām = their, i.e. liberated body;। abhautikāni hi tāni = certainly it is not material in nature; nityōpādhivinirmitāni = it is made up of eternal 'upādhi', the unique property of the Jīva; īśvaraśaktyā = by the power of the lord; tathā cōktam = therefore it is said;]
This doesn't mean it is opposed to testimonials that states - "those who have a body do not get liberated". The body of the liberated is different. Certainly it is not material in nature. It is made up of eternal 'upādhi', i.e. the uniqueness of the Jīva, by the power of the lord. Therefore, it is said:
"शरीरं जायते तेषां षोडश्या कलयैव च।"
"śarīraṁ jāyatē tēṣāṁ ṣōḍaśyā kalayaiva ca।"
[śarīraṁ jāyatē tēṣāṁ = their (liberated) body is created; ṣōḍaśyā kalayaiva ca = is made by the sixteenth skill;]
"The body of the liberated is created by the sixteenth skill."
इत्यादि नारायणाष्टाक्षरकल्पे। वदन्ति च लौकिकात् वैलक्षण्ये अभावशब्दम्। "अप्रहर्षमनानन्दम्", "सुखदुःखबाह्यः" इत्यादिषु। निरुक्त्यभावाच्च न तानि शरीराणि। तथाहि श्रुतिः-
ityādi nārāyaṇāṣṭākṣarakalpē। vadanti ca laukikāt vailakṣaṇyē abhāvaśabdam। "apraharṣamanānandam", "sukhaduḥkhabāhyaḥ" ityādiṣu। niruktyabhāvācca na tāni śarīrāṇi। tathāhi śrutiḥ -
[ityādi = is the statement; nārāyaṇāṣṭākṣarakalpē =from Nārāyanaashtāksharakalpa; vadanti ca = it is also said; laukikāt vailakṣaṇyē = as it is different from the material world; abhāvaśabdam = due to the lacuna of words to describe; apraharṣamanānandam = he is without delight or happiness; sukhaduḥkhabāhyaḥ = he is beyond pleasure and misery; ityādiṣu = hence such statements are made; niruktyabhāvācca = as they are undescribable; na tāni = they are not;śarīrāṇi = bodies; tathāhi śrutiḥ = therefore there are testimonials such as;]
-is the statement from Nārāyanaashtāksharakalpa. It is stated thus because the body of the liberated is different from the material world, and the vocabulary is inadequate to describe it. Hence, we have statements such as - "He is without delight or happiness", "He is beyond pleasure and misery" . They are said to have no bodies as they are undescribable. Hence, it is stated:
"अशारीती तच्छरीर मभवत्"
"aśārītī taccharīra mabhavat"
[aśārītī = unnatural; taccharīra = that body; mabhavat = became;]
"That body became unnatural"
इति। न हि तानि शीर्णानि भवन्ति।
iti। na hi tāni śīrṇāni bhavanti।
[iti = thus; na hi tāni = they are not; śīrṇāni = disintegrate; bhavanti = becomes;]
thus are testimonials. The liberated don't get disintegrated.
"सर्गेपि नोपजायन्ते प्रलये न व्यथन्ति च।"
"sargēpi nōpajāyantē pralayē na vyathanti ca।"
[sargēpi = during the universal creation; nōpajāyantē = not born; pralayē = annihilation; na vyathanti = not tormented; ca = and;]
"They are not born during universal creation, and are not tormented during annihilation."
इत्यादिवचनात्। साम्यात् प्रयोगः। प्रयोगाच्च-
ityādivacanāt। sāmyāt prayōgaḥ। prayōgācca
[ityādivacanāt - are the proverbs; sāmyāt prayōgaḥ। prayōgācca]
- such are the proverbs.
साम्यात् प्रयोगः। प्रयोगाच्च-
sāmyāt prayōgaḥ। prayōgācca
sāmyāt = to show similarity; prayōgaḥ = it is (the word body) is used; prayōgācca = following are the usages;]
To show similarity, the word 'body' is used. Following are the usages:
"अनिंद्रिया अनाहारा अनिष्पन्दा स्सुगन्धिनः।"
"aniṁdriyā anāhārā aniṣpandā ssugandhinaḥ।"
[aniṁdriyā = are without senses; anāhārā = are without food; aniṣpandā = without vibration; ssugandhinaḥ = without fragrance;]
"They are without senses, without food, without vibration, and without fragrance."
"देहेंद्रियासुहीनानां वैकुण्ठपुरवासिनाम्।"
"dēhēṁdriyāsuhīnānāṁ vaikuṇṭhapuravāsinām।"
[dēhēṁdriyāsuhīnānāṁ = They are devoid of body and senses; vaikuṇṭhapuravāsinām = live in the city of Vaikuntha;]
"They are devoid of body and senses and live in the city of Vaikuntha."
इत्यादि दृष्टदेहेष्वेव।
ityādi dr̥ṣṭadēhēṣvēva।
[ityādi = such statements; dr̥ṣṭadēhēṣvēva = are made with reference to seen liberated bodies;]
Such statements are made regarding observed liberated bodies.
न चैषा अन्या गौणी मुक्तिः-
na caiṣā anyā gauṇī muktiḥ -
[na caiṣā = nor is this; anyā = another; gauṇī muktiḥ = secondary liberation;]
Nor is there another secondary liberation:
"बहुनात्र किमुक्तेन यावच्छ्वेतं न गच्छति। योगी तावन्न मुक्तः स्यादेष शास्त्रस्य निर्णयः॥"
"bahunātra kimuktēna yāvacchvētaṁ na gacchati। yōgī tāvanna muktaḥ syādēṣa śāstrasya nirṇayaḥ॥"
[bahunātra = much, here; kimuktēna = what is said; yāvacchvētaṁ =other than this; na gacchati = goes no where; yōgī = the Yōgi; tāvanna muktaḥ = is not liberated till; syādēṣa = that only; śāstrasya nirṇayaḥ = is the determined conclusion of scriptures;]
"There is not much to be said here other than that he goes nowhere. The Yōgi is not liberated till then is the determined conclusion of scriptures."
इत्यादित्यपुराणे तदन्यमुक्तिनिषेधात्। ये तु अत्रैव भगवन्तं प्रविशन्ति तेSपि पश्चात् तत्रैव यान्ति। योग्यत्वं चात्र विवक्षितम्। युधिष्ठिरप्रश्ने इतरनिन्दनाच्च। सायुज्यं च ग्रहवत्। तदुक्तेश्च -
ityādityapurāṇē tadanyamuktiniṣēdhāt। yē tu atraiva bhagavantaṁ praviśanti tēSpi paścāt tatraiva yānti। yōgyatvaṁ cātra vivakṣitam। yudhiṣṭhirapraśnē itaranindanācca। sāyujyaṁ ca grahavat। taduktēśca-
[ityādityapurāṇē = this statement from Āditya Purāna; tadanyamuktiniṣēdhāt = rejects existence of other liberated regions; yē tu = those who; atraiva = here; bhagavantaṁ praviśanti = enter the lord; tēSpi = even they; paścāt = later; tatraiva yānti = go there as well; yōgyatvaṁ = eligibility; cātra vivakṣitam = is determined here; yudhiṣṭhirapraśnē = for the question of Yudhisthira; itaranindanācca = other liberated state is rejected;। sāyujyaṁ ca = union state means; grahavat = possessed; taduktēśca = therefore it is said;]
This statement from Āditya Purāna rejects existence of other liberated regions. Those who enter the lord here (like Shishupala), even they, finally go to the same liberated region. The eligibility is determined by the deeds performed here. For the question asked by King Yudhisthira, other liberated states are rejected. The united state of the liberated ('sāyujyaṁ') means being possessed (by the Lord). Therefore, it is said:
"भुञ्जते पुरुषं प्राप्य यथा देवग्रहादयः। तथा मुक्तावुत्तमायां बाह्यान् भोगांस्तु भुञ्जते॥"
"bhuñjatē puruṣaṁ prāpya yathā dēvagrahādayaḥ। tathā muktāvuttamāyāṁ bāhyān bhōgāṁstu bhuñjatē॥"
[bhuñjatē = enjoyes; puruṣaṁ = the person; prāpya = having obtained; yathā dēvagrahādayaḥ = the way gods and possessed beings (demons); tathā = similarly; muktāvuttamāyāṁ = the liberated, superior; bāhyān bhōgāṁstu = external pleasures i.e pleasures enjoyed by the lord; bhuñjatē = they enjoy;]
"The way gods and demons enjoy the person, similarly the liberated enjoy the superior pleasures enjoyed by the Lord."
इति नारायणाष्टाक्षरकल्पे।
iti nārāyaṇāṣṭākṣarakalpē।
[iti = states; nārāyaṇāṣṭākṣarakalpē = Nārāyan-Astāksarakalpa;]
-states Nārāyan-Astāksarakalpa.
अतोनिष्टस्यैव वियोगः। सः अस्त्येव सर्वात्मना–
atōniṣṭasyaiva viyōgaḥ। saḥ astyēva sarvātmanā–
[atōniṣṭasyaiva = therefore the undesirable imprints only; viyōgaḥ = is to be separated; saḥ = He (the lord) astyēva = definitely exists; sarvātmanā = with all beings;]
Therefore, the undesirable imprints only need to be removed. He, the lord, definitely exists with all beings.
"अदुःखम्", "सर्वदुःखविवर्जिताः", "अशोकमहिमम्", "यत्र गत्वा न शोचति"
"aduḥkham", "sarvaduḥkhavivarjitāḥ", "aśōkamahimam", "yatra gatvā na śōcati"
[aduḥkham = state without misery; sarvaduḥkhavivarjitāḥ = he is without any misery; aśōkamahimam = state without mourning, yatra gatvā na śōcati = going where there is no anxiety;]
"state without misery", "he is without any misery", "state without mourning", "going where there is no anxiety".
इत्यादिभ्यः। विशेषवचनाभावाच्च। येषां तु ईषत् दृश्यते न ते सायुज्यं प्राप्ताः। सामीप्याद्येव तेषाम्। अतः प्रारब्धकर्मशेषभावात् तद्भुक्त्वा सायुज्यं गच्छन्ति। तच्चोक्तम्-
ityādibhyaḥ। viśēṣavacanābhāvācca। yēṣāṁ tu īṣat dr̥śyatē na tē sāyujyaṁ prāptāḥ। sāmīpyādyēva tēṣām। ataḥ prārabdhakarmaśēṣabhāvāt tadbhuktvā sāyujyaṁ gacchanti। taccōktam-
[ityādibhyaḥ = there are such statements; viśēṣavacanābhāvācca = there are special proverbs that state; yēṣāṁ tu = in those; īṣat dr̥śyatē = even a little (misery) seen; na tē = they have not; sāyujyaṁ prāptāḥ = attained togetherness with the Lord;। sāmīpyādyēva = only with the nearness (with the Lord); tēṣām = they can attain (liberation); ataḥ = therefore; prārabdhakarmaśēṣabhāvāt = with the remaining undesirable imprints; tadbhuktvā = after experiencing; sāyujyaṁ gacchanti = attain togetherness with the lord;। taccōktam = therefore it is said;]
- there are such statements. There are special proverbs that show, even if a little misery is observed, such people have not attained togetherness with the Lord. Only with the nearness of the Lord one can attain liberation. Therefore, after experiencing the remaining undesirable imprints, they attain togetherness with the lord. Hence, it is said:
"सङ्कर्षणादयः सर्वे स्वाधिकारादनन्तरम्। प्रविशन्ति परं देवं विष्णुं नास्त्यत्र संशयः॥"
"saṅkarṣaṇādayaḥ sarvē svādhikārādanantaram। praviśanti paraṁ dēvaṁ viṣṇuṁ nāstyatra saṁśayaḥ॥"
[saṅkarṣaṇādayaḥ = the god Sankarshana, owner of principle of gravity; sarvē = and other gods; svādhikārādanantaram = after their respective roles; praviśanti = enter; paraṁ dēvaṁ viṣṇuṁ = the supreme lord Vishnu; nāstyatra saṁśayaḥ = there is no doubt about it;]
"The god Sankarshana, owner of principle of gravity and other gods, after performing their respective roles, enters the supreme lord Vishnu. There is no doubt about it."
इति व्यासयोगे। अतः अनिष्टस्य सर्वात्मना वियोगः।
iti vyāsayōgē। ataḥ aniṣṭasya sarvātmanā viyōgaḥ।
[iti vyāsayōgē = thus states Vyāsa Yōga; ataḥ = hence; aniṣṭasya = the undesirable imprints; sarvātmanā = everyone; viyōgaḥ = must abandon, destroyed;]
-states Vyāsa Yōga. Hence, the undesirable imprints must be removed for everyone.
"परब्रह्मत्वमिच्छामि परमात्मन् जनार्दन।"
"parabrahmatvamicchāmi paramātman janārdana।"
[parabrahmatvamicchāmi = I wish to attain that supreme Brahman; paramātman = Supreme lord; janārdana = Janārdhana;]
"O supreme lord Janārdhana, I wish to attain that supreme Brahman!"
-इत्यादिना ब्रह्मादिभिरपि प्रार्थितत्वात्।
-ityādinā brahmādibhirapi prārthitatvāt।
[ityādinā = such statements; brahmādibhirapi = from Brahma and other gods; prārthitatvāt = are prayed;]
-such prayers are uttered by Brahma and other devas.
"न मोक्षसदृशं किञ्चिदधिकं वा सुखं क्वचित्। ऋते वैष्णवमानन्दं वाङ्मनोगोचरं महत्॥"
"na mōkṣasadr̥śaṁ kiñcidadhikaṁ vā sukhaṁ kvacit। r̥tē vaiṣṇavamānandaṁ vāṅmanōgōcaraṁ mahat॥"
[na = not; mōkṣasadr̥śaṁ = observed in mōksha; kiñcidadhikaṁ = little greater than; vā sukhaṁ = such happiness; kvacit = does not exist; r̥tē = practice of; vaiṣṇavamānandaṁ = the bliss of Vaishnava; vāṅmanōgōcaraṁ = visible to the intellect;mahat]
"There is no happiness anywhere greater than liberation. The bliss obtained by the practice of Vaishnavism is observed by the intellect to be greatest."
इत्यादेश्च ब्रह्मादिपदादप्यधिकतमं सुखं च मोक्ष इति सिद्धम्। अतो योगाय युज्यस्व। ज्ञानोपायाय। तदि्ध कर्मकौशलम् ॥५०॥
ityādēśca brahmādipadādapyadhikatamaṁ sukhaṁ ca mōkṣa iti siddham। atō yōgāya yujyasva। jñānōpāyāya। tadidha karmakauśalam ॥50॥
[ityādēśca = such statements as well; brahmādipadādapyadhikatamaṁ = greater than that of Brahma's role; sukhaṁ the bliss; ca = even, and; mōkṣa = is the liberation; iti siddham = is conclusive; atō = hence; yōgāya yujyasva = get established in Yōga; jñānōpāyāya = it is the solution to obtain knowledge as well; tadidha = That is; karmakauśalam = skill in the performance of action;]
The are such statements as well. Hence definitely the bliss experienced in the liberation is greater than that of Brahma's role. Hence, get established in Yōga. It is the solution to obtain knowledge as well. It is nothing but skill in the performance of actions.
Gīta Tātparya 2.50
'karmakauśala' - performing action for the lord's sake. 'budidhaḥ' - one who possesses the knowledge of the lord.
यथावत् विष्णुं ज्ञात्वा तदर्थत्वेन कर्मकरण मित्येतत् कर्मकौशलमेव योगः। भगवज्झानमेव बुदि्धः ॥५०, ५१॥
yathāvat viṣṇuṁ jñātvā tadarthatvēna karmakaraṇa mityētat karmakauśalamēva yōgaḥ। bhagavajjhānamēva budidhaḥ ॥50, 51॥
[yathāvat = properly; viṣṇuṁ = lord Vishnu; jñātvā = knowing; tadarthatvēna = for His purpose; karmakaraṇa = performing action; mityētat = this is; karmakauśalamēva = 'karmakauśala' is only; yōgaḥ = Yōga; bhagavajjhānamēva = one who possesses the knowledge of the lord; budidhaḥ = is called 'budidhaḥ']
The Yōga is 'karmakauśala' which is nothing but knowing lord Vishnu properly and performing action for His sake. The word 'budidhaḥ' means one who possesses the knowledge of the lord.
