B.G 9.18
गतिर्भर्ता प्रभुः साक्षी निवासः शरणं सुहृत्। प्रभवः प्रलयः स्थानं निधानं बीजमव्ययम् ॥१८॥
gatirbhartā prabhuḥ sākṣī nivāsaḥ śaraṇaṁ suhr̥t। prabhavaḥ pralayaḥ sthānaṁ nidhānaṁ bījamavyayam ॥18॥
[गतिः (gatiḥ) - the goal; भर्ता (bhartā) - the sustainer; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord; साक्षी (sākṣī) - the witness; निवासः (nivāsaḥ) - the abode; शरणम् (śaraṇam) - the refuge; सुहृत् (suhṛt) - the friend; प्रभवः (prabhavaḥ) - the origin; प्रलयः (pralayaḥ) - the dissolution; स्थानम् (sthānam) - the resting place (support); निधानम् (nidhānam) - the repository (treasure-house); बीजम् (bījam) - the seed; अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable;]
He is the ultimate goal, the sustainer, the lord, the witness, the abode, the refuge, the friend; the origin, the dissolution, the resting place, the repository, the seed, and the imperishable.
Gīta Bhāshya 9.18
'gatiḥ' - the ultimate goal, as He is sought after by even the seekers of liberation; 'sākṣī' - it is He who directly perceives and witnesses all phenomena in the universe; 'Śaraṇam' - the refuge for one who is fearful of worldly existence; 'nidhānam' - the repository, because at the time of dissolution, the world is kept here by the Prakrti;
गम्यते मुमुक्षुभिः इति गतिः। तथाहि सामवेदे वासिष्ठशाखायाम्-
gamyate mumukṣubhiḥ iti gatiḥ। tathāhi sāmavede vāsiṣṭhaśākhāyām
[गम्यते (gamyate) - is approached, attained; मुमुक्षुभिः (mumukṣubhiḥ) - by those desiring liberation; इति (iti) - thus; गतिः (gatiḥ) - the goal; तथा (tathā) - likewise; हि (hi) - indeed; सामवेदे (sāmavede) - in the Sāma Veda; वासिष्ठ-शाखायाम् (vāsiṣṭha-śākhāyām) - in the Vāsiṣṭha branch.]
He is the goal, i.e. 'Gatiḥ', as He is sought after by even the seekers of liberation. Indeed, this is stated in the Sāma Veda, in the Vāsiṣṭha branch:
"अथ कस्मादुच्यते गतिरिति। ब्रह्मैव गतिः। तद्दि गम्यते पापमुक्तैः॥"
"atha kasmāducyate gatiriti। brahmaiva gatiḥ। taddi gamyate pāpamuktaiḥ॥"
[अथ (atha) - now; कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why; उच्यते (ucyate) - is it called; गतिः (gatiḥ) - 'gati' (the goal); ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman; एव (eva) - alone; गतिः (gatiḥ) - is the goal; तत् (tat) - that; हि (hi) - indeed; गम्यते (gamyate) - is attained; पाप-मुक्तैः (pāpa-muktaiḥ) - by those freed from sin;]
"Now, why is He called 'gati'? Because Brahman alone is the goal, indeed, it is attained by those who are free from sin."
इति।
iti।
[इति (iti) - thus;]
- stated thus.
साक्षादीक्षते इति साक्षी। तथाहि बाष्कलशाखायाम्-
sākṣādīkṣate iti sākṣī। tathāhi bāṣkalaśākhāyām
[साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly; ईक्षते (īkṣate) - sees, observes; इति (iti) - thus; साक्षी (sākṣī) - the witness; तथा (tathā) - likewise; हि (hi) - indeed; बाष्कल-शाखायाम् (bāṣkala-śākhāyām) - in the Bāṣkala branch (of the Veda);]
'Sākṣī' means the witness, one who directly sees. Indeed, this is stated in the Bāṣkala branch of the Veda.
"स साक्षादिदमद्राक्षीत् तत् साक्षिणः साक्षित्वम्॥"
"sa sākṣādidamadrākṣīt tat sākṣiṇaḥ sākṣitvam॥"
[सः (saḥ) - he; साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly; इदम् (idam) - this; अद्राक्षीत् (adrākṣīt) - saw, perceived; तत् (tat) - that; साक्षिणः (sākṣiṇaḥ) - of the witness; साक्षित्वम् (sākṣitvam) - the state of being a witness;]
"He directly perceived this, that witnesshood is called 'sākṣi'."
इति।
iti।
[इति (iti) - thus;]
- stated thus.
शरणं आश्रयः संसारभीतस्य।
śaraṇaṁ āśrayaḥ saṁsārabhītasya।
[शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter; आश्रयः (āśrayaḥ) - support, protection; संसार-भीतस्य (saṁsāra-bhītasya) - of one who is afraid of worldly existence;]
'Śaraṇam' means refuge, the support for one who is fearful of worldly existence.
"परमं यः परायणम्"
"paramaṁ yaḥ parāyaṇam"
[परम् (paramam) - supreme; यः (yaḥ) - who; परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - ultimate goal, highest refuge;]
"He who is the supreme and final goal."
इति ह्युक्तम्।
iti hyuktam।
[इति (iti) - thus; हि (hi) - indeed; उक्तम् (uktam) - it is said.]
- thus, indeed it is said.
"नारायणं महाज्ञेयं विश्वात्मानं परायणम्॥"
"nārāyaṇaṁ mahājñeyaṁ viśvātmānaṁ parāyaṇam॥"
[नारायणम् (nārāyaṇam) - Nārāyaṇa; महा-ज्ञेयं (mahā-jñeyam) - the great object of knowledge; विश्व-आत्मानम् (viśva-ātmānam) - the Self of the universe; परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - the supreme goal;]
"Nārāyaṇa, the great object to be known, the Self of the universe, the supreme goal."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and / as well;]
- stated thus as well.
संहारकाले प्रकृत्या जगदत्र निधीयते इति निधानम्।
saṁhārakāle prakr̥tyā jagadatra nidhīyate iti nidhānam।
[संहारकाले (saṁhārakāle) - at the time of dissolution; प्रकृत्या (prakṛtyā) - by nature; जगत् (jagat) - the world; अत्र (atra) - here; निधीयते (nidhīyate) - is deposited, is kept; इति (iti) - thus; निधानम् (nidhānam) - the repository, the resting place;]
At the time of dissolution, the world is kept here by the Prakrti - thus, it is the repository, i.e.'nidhānam'.
तथाहि ऋग्वेदखिलेषु-
tathāhi r̥gvedakhileṣu -
[तथा (tathā) - likewise; हि (hi) - indeed; ऋग्वेद (ṛgveda) - the Ṛg Veda; खिलेषु (khileṣu) - in the various parts;]
Indeed, likewise in the various parts of the Ṛg Veda:
"अपश्यमप्यये मायया विश्वकर्मण्यदो जगन्निहितं शुभ्रचक्षुः॥"
"apaśyamapyaye māyayā viśvakarmaṇyado jagannihitaṁ śubhracakṣuḥ॥"
[अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - having not seen, not perceived; अपि (api) - even; ये (ye) - those who; मायया (māyayā) - by Prakrti; विश्वकर्मण्य (viśvakarmaṇi) - in the lord during the universal dissolution; अदा (adā) - having given; जगत् (jagat) - the world; निहितं (nihitaṁ) - placed, situated; शुभ्र-चक्षुः (śubhra-cakṣuḥ) - with pure vision;]
"I having the pure vision, even saw the unseen phenomenon of Prakrti placing the universe in the lord during universal dissolution."
इति ॥१८॥
iti।
[इति (iti) - thus;]
- stated thus.
Gīta Tātparya 9.18
Though differing in each specific form and attribute, the Infallible lord Acyuta bears all those respective names—solely due to His independence, universal agency, and infinite attributes.
"तत्तत्पदार्थभिन्नोऽपि तत्तन्नामैवमच्युतः। स्वातन्त्र्यात् सर्वकर्तृत्वात् गुणानन्त्याच्च केवलम्॥"
"tattatpadārthabhinno'pi tattannāmaivamacyutaḥ। svātantryāt sarvakartr̥tvāt guṇānantyācca kevalam॥"
[तत्तत् (tattat) - that and that; पदार्थभिन्नः (padārthabhinnaḥ) - though different in attributes or entities; अपि (api) - even; तत्तन्नाम (tattannāma) - those respective names; एवम् (evam) - thus; अच्युतः (acyutaḥ) - the infallible one (Vishnu); स्वातन्त्र्यात् (svātantryāt) - due to independence; सर्वकर्तृत्वात् (sarvakartṛtvaāt) - due to being the doer of all; गुणानन्त्यात् (guṇānantyāt) - due to infinite qualities; च (ca) - and; केवलम् (kevalam) - alone (by himself);]
"Though differing in each specific form and attribute, the Infallible (Acyuta) bears all those respective names—solely due to His independence, universal agency, and infinite attributes."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and;]
- stated thus as well.
"ओमित्याक्रियते यस्मादोङ्कारो भगवान् हरिः॥"
"omityākriyate yasmādoṅkāro bhagavān hariḥ॥"
[ओमित्याक्रियते (om-iti-ākriyate) - Om; thus; is invoked; यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because; ओङ्कारः (oṅkāraḥ) - the syllable "Om"; भगवान् (bhagavān) - the glorious Lord; हरिः (hariḥ) - Hari, Viṣṇu;]
"Because the syllable Om is thus employed, the syllable Om is indeed Bhagavān Hari."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and;]
- stated thus as well.
"पातीति स पिता मानान्माता यत् पितुर्महान्। पितामहो निधातृत्वात् निधानं भीतरक्षणात्। शरणं व्यञ्जनाच्चैव बीजमित्युच्यते प्रभुः॥"
"pātīti sa pitā mānānmātā yat piturmahān। pitāmaho nidhātr̥tvāt nidhānaṁ bhītarakṣaṇāt। śaraṇaṁ vyañjanāccaiva bījamityucyate prabhuḥ॥"
[पातीति (pātīti) - protects; स (sa) - he; पिता (pitā) - is the father; मानात् (mānāt) - from the measure (or because of being the standard); माता (mātā) - mother; यत् (yat) - because; पितुः (pituḥ) - than the father; महान् (mahān) - greater; पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather; निधातृत्वात् (nidhātṛtvāt) - due to being the one who deposits or places; निधानम् (nidhānam) - resting place, repository; भीतरक्षणात् (bhītarakṣaṇāt) - due to inner protection; शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge; व्यञ्जनात् (vyañjanāt) - from indication or expression; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; बीजम् (bījam) - seed; इति (iti) - thus; उच्यते (ucyate) - is said; प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the Lord;]
"He is called 'father' because he protects; 'mother' because he surpasses even the father; 'grandfather' due to being the ultimate source; 'repository' because he preserves from within; 'refuge' as he is the revealed shelter; and 'seed' as he is the primal cause—thus is the Lord declared."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and;]
- stated thus as well.
प्रलयकाले संहर्तृत्वात् प्रलयः। अन्यदापीति मृत्युः।
pralayakāle saṁhartr̥tvāt pralayaḥ। anyadāpīti mr̥tyuḥ।
[प्रलयकाले (pralayakāle) - during the time of dissolution; संहर्तृत्वात् (saṃhartṛtvāt) - due to the role of the destroyer; प्रलयः (pralayaḥ) - dissolution; अन्यदापीति (anyadāpīti) - other than that (i.e., not the dissolution itself); मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death;]
During the time of dissolution, he takes the role of the destroyer, and thus called 'pralaya', He is also the one who kills at other times, hence He is called 'mṛtyuḥ'.
"प्राणगः प्राणधर्ता यदमृतं प्रविलापयन्। विश्वं प्रलय इत्युक्तो मृत्युरन्यत्र मारणात्॥"
"prāṇagaḥ prāṇadhartā yadamr̥taṁ pravilāpayan। viśvaṁ pralaya ityukto mr̥tyuranyatra māraṇāt॥"
[प्राणगः (prāṇagaḥ) - the one who carries life, the life-bearer; प्राणधर्ता (prāṇadhartā) - the sustainer of life; यत् (yat) - which; अमृतं (amṛtaṃ) - immortality, nectar; प्रविलापयन् (pravilāpayann) - causing to vanish or dissolve; विश्वं (viśvaṃ) - the universe; प्रलय (pralaya) - dissolution; इत्युक्तः (ityuktaḥ) - thus spoken of; मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death; अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere; मारणात् (māraṇāt) - from killing, destruction;]
"He is the one who carries life and sustains it, hence called 'amṛtaṃ', i.e. one without death. As he is the cause for dissolution of the Universe, he is called 'pralaya', and at other times, elsewhere, he brings about death and hence called 'mṛtyuḥ'."
इति च।
iti ca।
[इति (iti) - thus; च (ca) - and;]
- stated thus as well.
