B.G 5.01
अर्जुन उवाच
संन्यासं कर्मणां कृष्ण पुनर्योगं च शंससि। यच्छ्रेय एतयोरेकं तन्मे ब्रूहि सुनिश्चितम् ॥१॥
arjuna uvāca
saṁnyāsaṁ karmaṇāṁ kr̥ṣṇa punarYōgaṁ ca śaṁsasi। yacchreya etayorekaṁ tanme brūhi suniścitam ॥1॥
[अर्जुन उवाच संन्यासं कर्मणां कृष्ण पुनर्योगं च शंससि। यत् श्रेय एतयोः एकं तत् मे ब्रूहि सुनिश्चितम्॥
arjuna = Arjuna; uvāca = said; saṁnyāsaṁ = renunciation; karmaṇāṁ = performance of deeds; kr̥ṣṇa = O Krishna; punarYōgaṁ = again, Yōga of; ca = and; śaṁsasi = you praise;। yat = which is; śreya = beneficial; etayoḥ = of these two; ekaṁ = one; tat = that; me = to me; brūhi = tell; suniścitam = decisively;॥]
Arjuna said:
O Krishna, you are praising renunciation ('Sanyāsa), and again the Yōga of performing deeds ('Karma Yōga'). Among these two, which one is beneficial, tell be conclusively.
Gīta Bhāshya 5.01
'Karma Yōga' mentioned in the third chapter is further elaborated in the current chapter. 'Krishna'- one who attracts the entire universe with his governing principles. The question is - 'If you consider renunciation ('sanyāsa') as better, then why are you asking me to engage in war, that is opposed to renunciation?'
तृतीयाध्यायोक्तमेव कर्मयोगं प्रपञ्चयति अनेन अध्यायेन। 'यदृच्छालाभ सन्तुष्टः' इत्यादि सन्न्यासम्। 'कुरु कर्म' इत्यादि कर्मयोगं च।
tr̥tīyādhyāyoktameva karmaYōgaṁ prapañcayati anena adhyāyena। 'yadr̥cchālābha santuṣṭaḥ' ityādi sannyāsam। 'kuru karma' ityādi karmaYōgaṁ ca।
[tr̥tīyādhyāyoktameva = as spoken in the third chapter, ideed; karmaYōgaṁ = Yōga of Action; prapañcayati = is elaborated further; anena adhyāyena = in this chapter;। 'yadr̥cchālābha santuṣṭaḥ' = reference to 4.22, stating 'be satisfied with whatever you get by chance'; ityādi = and such statements; sannyāsam = is renounciation;। 'kuru karma' = reference to 4.15 where Krishna says 'perform prescribed deeds'; ityādi = and such other statements; karmaYōgaṁ = pointing to Yōga of Action; ca = and;।]
The Yōga of action mentioned in the third chapter is further elaborated in the current chapter.
By stating 'yadr̥cchālābha santuṣṭaḥ', i.e. 'be satisfied with whatever you get by chance' at 4.22 and such other statements you are praising Rnounciation. By stating 'kuru karma', i.e. 'perform prescribed deeds' at 4.15 you are praising Yōga of action.
नियमनादिना सकललोककर्षणात् कृष्णः। त्च्चोक्तं-
niyamanādinā sakalalokakarṣaṇāt kr̥ṣṇaḥ। tccoktaṁ
[niyamanādinā = with the help of regulations; sakalalokakarṣaṇāt = he attracts the entire universe; kr̥ṣṇaḥ = is called 'Krishna';। tccoktaṁ = Therefore it is said;]
The lord is called 'Krishna', as He attracts the entire universe with His governing principles. Therefore, it is said:
"यतः कर्षसि देवेश नियम्य सकलं जगत्। अतो वदन्ति मुनयः कृष्णं त्वां ब्रह्मवादिनः॥"
"yataḥ karṣasi deveśa niyamya sakalaṁ jagat। ato vadanti munayaḥ kr̥ṣṇaṁ tvāṁ brahmavādinaḥ॥"
[yataḥ = because; karṣasi = you attract; deveśa = O lord of the Gods; niyamya = govern; sakalaṁ = all; jagat = universe;। ato = therefore; vadanti = say; munayaḥ = sages; kr̥ṣṇaṁ = you are 'Krishna' the attractive; tvāṁ = you; brahmavādinaḥ = knowlers of supreme reality, the Brahman;]
"O lord of the Gods, because you govern the entire universe, the sages who are knowers of Brahman say, you are 'Krishna', the one who attracts."
इति महाकौर्मे।
iti mahākaurme।
[iti mahākaurme = states Mahakaurma Purana]
-states Mahakaurma Purana.
संन्यासशब्दार्थं भगवानेव वक्ष्यति। अयं प्रश्नाशयः- 'यदि संन्यासः श्रेयोऽधिकः स्यात् तर्हि संन्यासस्य ईषद्विरोधि युद्धम्' इति ॥१॥
saṁnyāsaśabdārthaṁ bhagavāneva vakṣyati। ayaṁ praśnāśayaḥ - 'yadi saṁnyāsaḥ śreyo'dhikaḥ syāt tarhi saṁnyāsasya īṣadvirodhi yuddham iti ॥1॥
[saṁnyāsaśabdārthaṁ = the meaning for the word 'sanyāsa'; bhagavāneva = the lord alone;vakṣyati = will explain;। ayaṁ = this is the; praśnāśayaḥ = question; 'yadi saṁnyāsaḥ = if renunciation; śreyo'dhikaḥ = is more beneficial; syāt tarhi = then; saṁnyāsasya īṣadvirodhi yuddham = why are you trying to engage me in war, that is opposed the renunciation?; iti = thus;]
The lord Himself will explain the meaning of the word 'Sanyāsa'. The question being asked is - 'If you consider renunciation ('sanyāsa') as better, then why are you asking me to engage in war, that is opposed to renunciation?' .
Gīta Tātparya 5.01
Arjuna has doubt regarding the concept of 'Yoga of renounced action', the word 'yogasaṁnyastakarmāṇa' used at 4.41. He misconstrues it to mean the renunciation of all actions. Hence enquires.
योगसंन्यासयोः लक्षणं स्पष्टयति अनेन अध्यायेन।
yogasaṁnyāsayoḥ lakṣaṇaṁ spaṣṭayati anena adhyāyena।
[yogasaṁnyāsayoḥ = the Yoga of renunciation; lakṣaṇaṁ = characteristics; spaṣṭayati = clarifies; anena = in this; adhyāyena = chapter;।]
This chapter clarifies the characteristics of Yoga-Of-Renunciation (Sanyāsa Yoga).
योगसंन्यस्तकर्माणमित्यादौ न्यासशब्दः सर्वकर्म त्यागविषयः इत्याशङ्क्य योगसंन्यासयोः भिन्नपुन्निष्ठत्वाभिप्रायेण पृच्छति- संन्यासमिति ॥१॥
yogasaṁnyastakarmāṇamityādau nyāsaśabdaḥ sarvakarma tyāgaviṣayaḥ ityāśaṅkya yogasaṁnyāsayoḥ bhinnapunniṣṭhatvābhiprāyeṇa pr̥cchati- saṁnyāsamiti ॥1॥
[yogasaṁnyastakarmāṇamityādau = the word 'yogasaṁnyastakarmāṇa' at 4.41 and such other places, is used to mean Yoga of renounced action; nyāsaśabdaḥ = the word 'nyāsa'; sarvakarma tyāgaviṣayaḥ = meant for renunciation of all actions; ityāśaṅkya = doubting it to be; yogasaṁnyāsayoḥ = Yoga of renunciation; bhinnapunniṣṭhatvābhiprāyeṇa = having an opinion that these are meant for different people; pr̥cchati = asks; saṁnyāsamiti = in the verse 'saṁnyāsaṁ'. ॥1॥]
The word 'yogasaṁnyastakarmāṇa' at 4.41 and other places is used to mean Yoga of renounced action. In this context, doubting the word 'nyāsa' to mean renunciation of all actions and having an opinion that they are meant for different people, Arjuna enquires in the current verse 'saṁnyāsaṁ'.
