B.G 3.37

श्रीभगवानुवाच
काम एष क्रोध एष रजोगुण समुद्भवः। महाशनो महापाप्मा विद्ध्येनमिह वैरिणम् ॥३७॥

kāma ēṣa krōdha ēṣa rajōguṇa samudbhavaḥ। mahāśanō mahāpāpmā viddhyēnamiha vairiṇam ॥37॥

[काम एष क्रोध एष रजोगुण समुद्भवः। महाशनो महापाप्मा विद्धि एनम् इह वैरिणम्॥
kāma = desire; ēṣa = it is; krōdha = anger; ēṣa = it is; rajōguṇa = Rajasic quality; samudbhavaḥ = born from;। mahāśanō = excessive eater, glutton; mahāpāpmā = greatly sinful; viddhi = understand; ēnam = this; iha = in this material world; vairiṇam = to be the enemy;॥]

Desire it is, Anger it is, born from the Rajasic quality. Understand this desire as a glutton, greatly sinful, and an enemy, in this material world.

Gīta Bhāshya 3.37

Desire is the most powerful instigator, and without desire, there cannot be no anger. It is called 'mahāśana', i.e. glutton, as it makes one to dwell excessively on enjoyment of desires. It is called 'mahāpāpmā', great sinner, as it drives one to commit awful sins. It is called 'vairī', i.e. an enemy, as it is opposed to the welfare of all people.

यस्तु बलवान् प्रवर्तकः स एष कामः। क्रोधोऽपि एष एव। तज्जन्यत्वात्। 'कामात् क्रोधोऽभिजायते' इति ह्युक्तम्। यत्रापि गुरुनिन्दादिनिमित्तः क्रोधः तत्रापि भक्तिनिमित्ता निन्दाकामनिमित्त एव। ये तु अन्यथा वदन्ति ते सङ्करात् न सूक्ष्मं जानन्ति। उक्तं च-

yastu balavān pravartakaḥ sa ēṣa kāmaḥ। krōdhō'pi ēṣa ēva। tajjanyatvāt। 'kāmāt krōdhō'bhijāyatē' iti hyuktam। yatrāpi gurunindādinimittaḥ krōdhaḥ tatrāpi bhaktinimittā nindākāmanimitta ēva। yē tu anyathā vadanti tē saṅkarāt na sūkṣmaṁ jānanti। uktaṁ ca-

[yastu = Among these; balavān = powerful; pravartakaḥ = instigator is; sa ēṣa = that certainly is; kāmaḥ = desire;। krōdhō'pi = even anger; ēṣa ēva = is from it only; tajjanyatvāt = born from it;। 'kāmāt krōdhō'bhijāyatē' iti hyuktam = it is already told in verse 2.62, anger is born from desire;। yatrāpi = when; gurunindādinimittaḥ = due to insult to teachers or elders; krōdhaḥ = angered; tatrāpi = even there; bhaktinimittā = because of devotion; nindākāmanimitta = desire not to insult is the cause; ēva = certainly;। yē tu = those who, but; anyathā = otherwise; vadanti = speak; tē = they; saṅkarāt = due to lack of discrimination; na = not; sūkṣmaṁ = subtlety; jānanti = knowing;। uktaṁ ca = therefore it is said;]

Most powerful instigator among all is the desire. Even anger is born from it. It is already stated in verse 2.62, "anger is born from desire". Even the anger that arises when teachers or elders are insulted is certainly because of a desire to not hurt them, born from devotion. Those who opine otherwise due to their lack of discrimination do not understand the subtleties. Hence, it is said:

"ऋते कामं न कोपाद्या जायन्ते हि कथं चन"

इति।

"r̥tē kāmaṁ na kōpādyā jāyantē hi kathaṁ cana"

iti।

[r̥tē = during the right time or season; kāmaṁ = desire; na = not; kōpādyā = due to anger, which; jāyantē = arises; hi= indeed; kathaṁ cana = in any way;]

[iti = states the testimonial;]

"Without desire, there can be no anger at any point in time."

- states testimonial.

महाशनः, महद्धि कामभोग्यम्। महाब्रह्महत्यादि कारणत्वात् महापाप्मा। सर्वपुरुषार्थविरोधित्वात् वैरी ॥३७॥

mahāśanaḥ, mahaddhi kāmabhōgyam। mahābrahmahatyādi kāraṇatvāt mahāpāpmā। sarvapuruṣārthavirōdhitvāt vairī ॥37॥

[mahāśanaḥ, = the word 'mahāśana', i.e. excessive eater, means; mahaddhi = excessive; kāmabhōgyam = dwelling is enjoyments of desires। mahābrahmahatyādi = such as the great sin of killing a Brahmana, etc; kāraṇatvāt = due to being the cause; mahāpāpmā = it is called 'mahāpāpmā', i.e. greatly sinful;। sarvapuruṣārthavirōdhitvāt = due to being opposed to the welfare of all people; vairī = it is called 'vairī', i.e. an enemy; ॥37॥]

The word 'mahāśana' means the one who dwells excessively on the enjoyment of desires. It is called 'mahāpāpmā'#i;, i.e. greatly sinful, as it is the cause for most sinful activities like killing a Brahmana. It is called 'vairī', i.e. an enemy, as it is opposed to the welfare of all people.