B.G 13.20
प्रकृतिं पुरुषं चैव विद्ध्यनादी उभावपि। विकारांश्च गुणांश्चैव विद्धि प्रकृतिसम्भवान् ॥२०॥
prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva viddhyanādī ubhāvapi। vikārāṃśca guṇāṃścaiva viddhi prakṛtisambhavān ॥20॥
[प्रकृतिं (prakṛtim) - Prakrti, i.e. insentient; पुरुषं (puruṣam) - person; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; अनादी (anādī) - without beginning; उभावपि (ubhāvapi) - both; विकारान् (vikārān) - distortions; च (ca) - and; गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities; च (ca) - and; एव (eva) - indeed; विद्धि (viddhi) - know; प्रकृतिसम्भवान् (prakṛtisambhavān) - born of Prakrti;]
Understand that both 'Prakrti', i.e. insentient and the 'Puruṣa' are without beginning; know that distortions and qualities are indeed born of 'Prakrti'.
Gīta Bhāshya 13.20
The statement summarizes the Prakrti, i.e. insentient, its distortions, and the being. Subtle distortions in three qualities at the time of cosmic creation manifest into action and inaction.
यतश्च यत् इति वक्तुं प्रकृतिविकारपुरुषान् सङ्क्षिप्याह- प्रकृतिं इति।
yataśca yat iti vaktuṃ prakṛtivikārapuruṣān saṅkṣipyāha- prakṛtiṃ iti।
[यतः (yataḥ) - because; च (ca) - and; यत् (yat) - what; इति (iti) - thus; वक्तुं (vaktuṃ) - to say; प्रकृतिविकारपुरुषान् (prakṛtivikārapuruṣān) - nature, modification, and persons; सङ्क्षिप्याह (saṅkṣipyāha) - summarizes; प्रकृतिं (prakṛtiṃ) - nature; इति (iti) - thus;]
The statement summarizes the Prakrti, i.e. insentient, its distortions, and the being by the verse 'prakṛtiṃ' modifications, and persons by saying 'nature'.
गुणाः सत्त्वादयः। तेषां अत्यल्पः विशेषः लयात् सर्गे इति विकाराः पृथगुक्ताः।
guṇāḥ sattvādayaḥ। teṣāṃ atyalpaḥ viśeṣaḥ layāt sarge iti vikārāḥ pṛthaguktāḥ।
[गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; सत्त्वादयः (sattvādayaḥ) - sattva and others; तेषां (teṣāṃ) - of them; अत्यल्पः (atyalpaḥ) - very little; विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction / variation; लयात् (layāt) - from dissolution; सर्गे (sarge) - in creation; इति (iti) - thus; विकाराः (vikārāḥ) - modifications; पृथगुक्ताः (pṛthaguktāḥ) - separately mentioned;]
The qualities such as sattva and others have very little distinct variation between dissolution and creation; thus, their distortions are mentioned separately.
"कार्याकार्या गुणास्तिस्रः यतः स्वल्पोद्भवो जनौ॥"
इति माधुच्छन्दसशाखायाम् ॥२०॥
"kāryākāryā guṇāstisraḥ yataḥ svalpodbhavo janau॥"
iti mādhucchandasasakhāyām ॥20॥
[कार्य (kārya) - action; अकार्य (akārya) - inaction; गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities; तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three; यतः (yataḥ) - from which; स्वल्प (svalpa) - small; उद्भवः (udbhavaḥ) - origin; जनौ (janau) - in people;]
[इति (iti) - thus; माधुच्छन्दस (mādhucchandasa) - Madhucchandas; शाखायाम् (śākhāyām) - in the branch;]
"The action and inaction arise in people with subtle variances in the three qualities."
-stated thus in the branch of Madhucchandas (Vedic testimonial).
