B.G 4.17
कर्मणोह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः। अकर्मणश्च बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः ॥१७॥
One needs to grasp the understanding of right action, prohibited actions insight must be grasped, indeed, one needs to grasp the understanding of non-performance actions. The ways of action are truly profound.
Gīta Bhāshya 4.17
'Vikarma' differs from right-action ('karma') and non-action ('akarma'). 'Vikarma' means prohibited action. It is further binding. Gaining insight into ways of karma is crucial for discriminating between them. It is a prerequisite to perceive the lord directly, and to get liberated.
न केवलं तत् ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसे, ज्ञात्वैव इत्याशयवानाह - कर्मण इति। तच्चोक्तम्–
Just by merely knowing (about the action to be performed) one does not get liberated. Having known, one must also gain insight 'regarding action' is indicated by the verse 'karmaṇa'.
"अज्ञात्वा भगवान् कस्य कर्माकर्मविकर्मकम्। दर्शनं याति हि मुने कुतो मुक्तिश्च तद् विना॥"
इति।
O Sage, without gaining insight into the right action, non-action, and prohibited action, How is it possible to gain the direct perception of the lord, and without it how liberation is possible?
-states the testimonial.
अकर्म कर्माकरणम्। कर्माकर्मान्यत् विकर्म निषिद्धम्। बन्धकत्वात्। ततो विविच्य कर्मादि बोद्धव्यम् इत्यादि। न च शापादिना।
'akarma' means non-performance of action. Different from right-action and non-action is 'vikarma', which means prohibited action, as it is further binding. Therefore, discriminate different actions by 'gaining insight' is the intended meaning. It is not about a curse etc. (as explained by other commentaries.)
"कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताः।"
"Even the wise are deluded in these situations."
अशक्यं चैतत् ज्ञातुम् इत्याह - गहनेति ॥१७॥
-such expression shows it is almost impossible to know (i.e. gain insight into workings of the actions). Same is indicated by the word 'gahana' which means it is "profound and deep".
Gīta Tātparya 4.17
Based on insight, one must undertsand even actions stem from lord only.
कर्मापि नः मत्तः इति बोद्धव्यमित्यादि ॥१७॥
Even actions should be understood as coming from me, and so on.
