Gīta Bhāshya Introduction
देवं नारायणं नत्वा सर्वदोषविवर्जितम्। परिपूर्णं गुरूंश्चान् गीतार्थं वक्ष्यामि लेशतः॥
dēvaṁ nārāyaṇaṁ natvā sarvadōṣavivarjitam। paripūrṇaṁ gurūṁścān gītārthaṁ vakṣyāmi lēśataḥ॥
I worship the supreme personality Nārāyana, the all-pervading one, who is devoid of all defects, who is complete in all aspects, and also my Guru, and explain the meaning of Gīta to my capacity.
[dēvaṁ = the God / the supreme personality; nārāyaṇaṁ = Narayana, the all-pervading one; natvā = I worship; sarvadōṣavivarjitam = who is devoid of all defects; paripūrṇaṁ = who is complete in all aspects; gurūṁścān = also Guru; gītārthaṁ = meaning of Gīta; vakṣyāmi = will speak / explain; lēśataḥ = to my capacity;]
Summary
The essence of Vedic knowledge was difficult to understand for common people in olden days. Also, it was inaccessible to working class and women. Kind-hearted dēvas seeing the suffering of the ignorant people, prayed to Godhead. The merciful lord appeared as sage Vyasa and composed Mahabharata to impart transcendental knowledge. It shows the nature of both impediments and enablement, the way to overcome accumulated sins and the means to realise reality. It also shows how to get liberation through the knowledge of dharma. By studying it, one can gain kēvala-jnāna, the transcendental knowledge that results in liberation. The significance of Mahabharata and divinity of Vyasa as incarnation of the Godhead is established by providing various testimonials. These testimonials are drawn from various traditional texts (smritis) and statements coming down through disciple succession (risi-sampradāya). Within Mahabharata "Bhagavad-Gita" in the form of a conversation between Arjuna and Krishna, contains its essence. Hence, one should study the same.
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नष्टधर्मज्ञानलोककृपालुभिर्ब्रह्मरुद्रेन्द्रादिभिरर्थितो ज्ञानप्रदर्शनाय भगवान् व्यासोऽवततार।
naṣṭadharmajñānalōkakr̥pālubhirbrahmarudrēndrādibhirarthitō jñānapradarśanāya bhagavān vyāsō'vatatāra।
[naṣṭa dharmajñāna lōka kr̥pālubhiḥ brahmarudrēndrādibhiḥ arthitō = Seeing the decline of dharmic knowledge in the world; having mercy; Brahma, Rudra, Indra and other gods; prayed; jñānapradarśanāya = for the sake of imparting knowledge; bhagavān = the Godhead; vyāsō'vatatāra = appeared in the form of Vyāsa; ]
Seeing the decline of dharmic knowledge in the world, kind-hearted Brahma, Rudra, Indra and other gods prayed to the Godhead. Then the Lord appeared as Vyāsa to impart knowledge.
ततश्चेष्टानिष्टप्राप्तिपरिहारसाधनादर्शनाद् वेदार्थाज्ञानाच्च संसारे क्लिश्यमानानां वेदानधिकारिणां स्त्रीशूद्रादीनां च धर्मज्ञानद्वारा मोक्षो भवेदिति कृपालुः सर्ववेदार्थोपबृंहितां तदनुक्तकेवलेश्वरज्ञानदृष्टार्थयुक्तां च सर्वप्राणिनाम् अवगाह्यानवगाह्यरूपां केवलभगवत्स्वरूपपरां परोक्षार्थां महाभारतसंहिताम् अचीक्ऌपत् ॥ तच्चोक्तम् –
tataścēṣṭāniṣṭaprāptiparihārasādhanādarśanād vēdārthājñānācca saṁsārē kliśyamānānāṁ vēdānadhikāriṇāṁ strīśūdrādīnāṁ ca dharmajñānadvārā mōkṣō bhavēditi kr̥pāluḥ sarvavēdārthōpabr̥ṁhitāṁ tadanuktakēvalēśvarajñānadr̥ṣṭārthayuktāṁ ca sarvaprāṇinām avagāhyānavagāhyarūpāṁ kēvalabhagavatsvarūpaparāṁ parōkṣārthāṁ mahābhāratasaṁhitām acīkl̥pat ॥ taccōktam –
[tataścēṣṭāniṣṭaprāptiparihārasādhanādarśanād = the activities performed an to overcome the; accumulation of sins, and to show the means to realise reality; vēdārthājñānācca = to understand the knowledge of Vēdas; saṁsārē = in the cycle of worldly existence; kliśyamānānāṁ = having difficulty to understand; vēdānadhikāriṇāṁ = not having the qualification to access Vēdas; strīśūdrādīnāṁ = for the sake of Women and shudras; ca = and; dharmajñānadvārā = imparting the knowledge of dharma; mōkṣō = liberation; bhavēditi = can obtain; kr̥pāluḥ = merciful; sarvavēdārthōpabr̥ṁhitāṁ = conveys the meaning of all the Vēdas; tadanuktakēvalēśvarajñānadr̥ṣṭārthayuktāṁ = by studying it; the transcendental knowledge of God; insight is gained; ca = and; sarvaprāṇinām = all beingstataḥ cēṣṭa aniṣṭa prāpti parihāra sādhanādarśanād = the activities to be performed to overcome the accumulation of sins, and to show the means to realise reality ; vēdārthājñānācca = to understand the knowledge of Vēdas; saṁsārē = in the cycle of worldly existence; kliśyamānānāṁ = having difficulty to understand; vēdānadhikāriṇāṁ = not having the qualification to access Vēdas; strīśūdrādīnāṁ = for the sake of Women and Shudras; ca = and; dharmajñānadvārā = imparting the knowledge of dharma; mōkṣō = liberation; bhavēditi = can obtain; kr̥pāluḥ = kind-hearted; sarva vēda artha upa br̥ṁhitāṁ = conveys the meaning of all the Vēdas; tadanukta kēvala īśvara jñāna dr̥ṣṭārthayuktāṁ = by studying it; the transcendental knowledge of God; insight is gained; ca = and; sarvaprāṇināmavagāhyānavagāhyarūpāṁ = nature of impediments and enablement; kēvalabhagavatsvarūpaparāṁ = it always conveys the nature of God; parōkṣārthāṁ = for the sake of the world beyond; mahābhāratasaṁhitām = Mahābhārata text; acīkl̥pat = composed; taccōktam = Therefore it is said;]
The merciful (Vēdavyāsa) composed Mahābhārata text for the sake of all beings:
- to impart the difficult to understand knowledge of Vēdas in this cycle of worldly existence
- for the sake of Women and Shudras who did not have qualification to access Vēdas
- to show the way to overcome accumulated sins
- to show the means to realise reality
- to explain the nature of impediments and enablement; and to achieve the world beyond
- to show how to get liberation through the knowledge of dharma
- it conveys the essence of all Vēdas.
- by studying Gīta one gains insight into the transcendental knowledge (kēvala-jnāna) of God.
Therefore, it is said:
लोकेशा ब्रह्मरुद्राद्याः संसारे क्लेशिनं जनम्। वेदार्थाज्ञमधीकारवर्जितं च स्त्रियादिकम्॥
lōkēśā brahmarudrādyāḥ saṁsārē klēśinaṁ janam। vēdārthājñamadhīkāravarjitaṁ ca striyādikam॥
[lōkēśā = Sustainers of the universe; brahmarudrādyāḥ = Lord Brahma, Rudra and others; saṁsārē = in the world; klēśinaṁ = suffering; janam = people; vēdārthājñamadhīkāravarjitaṁ = denied access to vēdic knowledge because of dis-qualification; ca = and; striyādikam = women;]
"Sustainers of the universe, the lord Brahma, Rudra and others saw people in the world suffering as they were denied access to Vēdas. They were denied access as they were considered as women or as not qualified."
अवेक्ष्य प्रार्थयामासुर्देवेशं पुरुषोत्तमम्। ततः प्रसन्नो भगवान् व्यासो भूत्वा च तेन च॥
avēkṣya prārthayāmāsurdēvēśaṁ puruṣōttamam। tataḥ prasannō bhagavān vyāsō bhūtvā ca tēna ca॥
[avēkṣya = to be attained; prārthayāmāsurdēvēśaṁ = being prayed by Devas; puruṣōttamam = the supreme among beings; tataḥ prasannō = being pleased; bhagavān = the God; vyāsō bhūtvā ca = appeared as Vyāsa; tēna ca = on that account and;]
"Devas prayed to supreme among beings (Purushottama), requesting him to provide the means to end suffering. The pleased God appeared as Vyāsa."
अन्यावताररूपैश्च वेदानुक्तार्थभूषितम्। केवलेनात्मबोधेन दृष्टं वेदार्थसंयुतम्॥
anyāvatārarūpaiśca vēdānuktārthabhūṣitam। kēvalēnātmabōdhēna dr̥ṣṭaṁ vēdārthasaṁyutam॥
[anya avatāra = in other avatara; rūpaiśca = forms as well; vēdā na ukta artha bhūṣitam = explained those topics not mentioned in the Vēdas; kēvalēnātmabōdhēna = only for the sake of giving knowledge pertaining to 'atman'; dr̥ṣṭaṁ vēdārthasaṁyutam = includes the insight into knowledge of Vēdas as well;]
"He explained in Mahabharata those topics which are not mentioned in the Vēdas. It covered those topics taught during His other avatars. They give knowledge pertaining to ‘atman’. It also includes insight into the knowledge of Vēdas."
"वेदादपि परं चक्रे पञ्चमं वेदमुत्तमम्। भारतं पञ्चरात्रं च मूलरामायणं तथा॥ पुराणं भागवतं चेति सम्भिन्नः शास्त्रपुङ्गवः॥"
"vēdādapi paraṁ cakrē pañcamaṁ vēdamuttamam। bhārataṁ pañcarātraṁ ca mūlarāmāyaṇaṁ tathā॥ purāṇaṁ bhāgavataṁ cēti sambhinnaḥ śāstrapuṅgavaḥ॥"
[vēdādapi paraṁ cakrē = better than Vēdas; pañcamaṁ vēdamuttamam = is the fifth Veda; bhārataṁ pañcarātraṁ ca = Bharata and Pancharatra; mūlarāmāyaṇaṁ tathā = The original Ramayana as well; purāṇaṁ bhāgavataṁ cēti = and bhagavata purana; sambhinnaḥ śāstrapuṅgavaḥ = compiled by the authority on sacred texts (Vyāsa); ]
"The fifth Veda comprising the Bharata, the Pancharatra, the original Ramayana and the Bhagavata Purana are superior to Vēdas. It is compiled by the Vyāsa, the authority on sacred texts."
- इति नारायणाष्टाक्षरकल्पे।
- iti nārāyaṇāṣṭākṣarakalpē।
- states Narayana Ashtaksharakalpa.
"ब्रह्मापि तन्न जानाति ईषत् सर्वोपि जानते। बह्वर्थमृषयस्तत्तु भारतं प्रवदन्ति हि॥"- इत्युपनारदीये
"brahmāpi tanna jānāti īṣat sarvōpi jānatē । bahvarthamr̥ṣayastattu bhārataṁ pravadanti hi॥" - ityupanāradīyē
[brahmāpi tanna jānāti = even the most intelligent does not comprehend it; īṣat sarvōpi jānatē = few things everyone understands; bahvarthamr̥ṣayastattu = multiple meanings exist; bhārataṁ = the Bharata has; pravadanti hi= sages say; ityupanāradīyē = It is stated thus in Upanaradiya; ]
“Even the most intelligent does not comprehend it (fully), while few things everyone can understand. Sages say multiple meanings exist for the Bhārata.”- States Upanaradiya.
"ब्रह्माद्यैः प्रार्थितो विष्णुर्भारतं स चकार ह। यस्मिन् दशार्थाः सर्वत्र न ज्ञेयाः सर्वजन्तुभिः॥" - इति नारदीये।
"brahmādyaiḥ prārthitō viṣṇurbhārataṁ sa cakāra ha। yasmin daśārthāḥ sarvatra na jñēyāḥ sarvajantubhiḥ॥" - iti nāradīyē।
[brahmādyaiḥ prārthitō = Requested by Lord Brahma and others; viṣṇurbhārataṁ = Lord Vishnu Mahābhārata; sa cakāra ha = composed; yasmin daśārthāḥ = It has tenfold meaning; sarvatra = everywhere; na jñēyāḥ = which can't be grasped; sarvajantubhiḥ = by all beings; iti nāradīyē = It is stated thus in Naradīya;]
"Lord Vishnu composed Mahābhārata at the request of lord Brahma and others. It has tenfold meaning everywhere, which can’t be grasped by all." - states Naradīya.
"भारतं चापि कृतवान् पञ्चमं वेदमुत्तमम्। दशावरार्थं सर्वत्र केवलं विष्णुबोधकम्। परोक्षार्थं तु सर्वत्र वेदादप्युत्तमं तु यत्॥" - इति स्कान्दे।
"bhārataṁ cāpi kr̥tavān pañcamaṁ vēdamuttamam। daśāvarārthaṁ sarvatra kēvalaṁ viṣṇubōdhakam। parōkṣārthaṁ tu sarvatra vēdādapyuttamaṁ tu yat॥" - iti skāndē।
[bhārataṁ cāpi kr̥tavān = He (Vyāsa) composed Bharata; pañcamaṁ vēdamuttamam = as fifth Veda, the knowledge of elixir; daśāvarārthaṁ sarvatra = it has tenfold meaning everywhere; kēvalaṁ viṣṇubōdhakam = it teaches only Vishnu; parōkṣārthaṁ tu sarvatra = and provides insight towards life beyond; vēdādapyuttamaṁ = superior to Vēdas; tu yat = and is; iti skāndē = It is stated thus in Skanda;]
"He (Vyāsa) composed Bharata as fifth Veda, which is the knowledge of elixir. It has tenfold meaning everywhere. It teaches primarily Vishnu, provides insight into life beyond, and is superior to Vēdas." - states Skanda Purana.
"यदि विद्याच्चतुर्वेदान् साङ्गोपनिषदान् द्विजः। न चेत् पुराणं संविद्यान्नैव स स्याद् विचक्षणः॥" - (म.भा..१.१.२६८)
"yadi vidyāccaturvēdān sāṅgōpaniṣadān dvijaḥ। na cēt purāṇaṁ saṁvidyānnaiva sa syād vicakṣaṇaḥ॥" - (ma.bhā..1.1.268)
[yadi vidyāccaturvēdān = Even if educated in four Vēdas; sāṅgōpaniṣadān = Upanishads and six shastras; dvijaḥ = a brahmin; na cēt = is not considered; purāṇaṁ = the Puranas; saṁvidyānnaiva = if not wholesomely educated in; sa syād = he is; vicakṣaṇaḥ = clever; ]
“Even if a brahmin is educated in four Vēdas, Upanishads, and six shastras, he is not considered as clever, if he is not wholesomely educated in the Puranas.” - Mahābhārata 1.1.268
"इतिहासपुराणाभ्यां वेदं समुपबृंहयेत्। बिभेत्यल्पश्रुताद् वेदो मामयं प्रचलिष्यति।" -म.भा.आदि..२९३
"itihāsapurāṇābhyāṁ vēdaṁ samupabr̥ṁhayēt। bibhētyalpaśrutād vēdō māmayaṁ pracaliṣyati।" -ma.bhā.ādi..293
[itihāsapurāṇābhyāṁ = From historical epics and puranas; vēdaṁ = the Vēdas; samupabr̥ṁhayēt = one must substantiate; bibhētyalpaśrutād = are afraid of the people with limited knowledge; vēdō = the Vēdas; māmayaṁ = of me; pracaliṣyati = spread wrong knowledge;]
"From historical epics and puranas, one must substantiate the Vēdas. The Vēdas say–'I am afraid of the people with limited knowledge as they are going to spread wrong knowledge of me.'" - Mahābhārata 1.1.293
"मन्वादि केचिद् ब्रुवते ह्यास्तीकादि तथापरे। तथोपरिचराद्यन्ये भारतं परिचक्षते।" - म.भा.आदि.१.६६
"manvādi kēcid bruvatē hyāstīkādi tathāparē। tathōparicarādyanyē bhārataṁ paricakṣatē।" - ma.bhā.ādi.1.66
[manvādi = the story of humans; kēcid bruvatē = some say; hyāstīkādi = the story of theists; tathāparē = some others; tathōparicarādyanyē = the story of those who move above (the principles); bhārataṁ = the Bharata; paricakṣatē = On deeper scrutiny;]
"The Mahābhārata can be understood as the story of humans, or as a story of theists, or on deeper scrutiny as the story of those who move above (i.e. devas and the principles represented by them)." - Mahābhārata 1.1.66
"भारतं सर्ववेदाश्च तुलामारोपिताः पुरा। देवैर्ब्रह्मादिभिः सर्वैः ऋषिभिश्च समन्वितैः। व्यासस्यैवाज्ञया तत्र त्वत्यरिच्यत भारतम्॥" - ब्रह्माण्डपुराणे
"bhārataṁ sarvavēdāśca tulāmārōpitāḥ purā। dēvairbrahmādibhiḥ sarvaiḥ r̥ṣibhiśca samanvitaiḥ। vyāsasyaivājñayā tatra tvatyaricyata bhāratam॥" - brahmāṇḍapurāṇē
[bhārataṁ sarvavēdāśca = the Mahabhrata and all the Vēdas; tulāmārōpitāḥ = tried to weigh and compare between; purā = In olden days; dēvairbrahmādibhiḥ = Brahma and other gods; sarvaiḥ r̥ṣibhiśca = along with all the sages; samanvitaiḥ = assembled at one place; vyāsasyaivājñayā = instructed by Sage Vyāsa; tatra = they found; tvatyaricyata = to be heavier with respect to principles; bhāratam = the Mahābhārata;]
“In olden days, instructed by Sage Vyāsa, Brahma and other gods assembled along with all the sages at one place and tried to weigh the Mahābhārata compared to all the Vēdas. They found the Mahābhārata to be heavier regarding principles.”–Brahmanda Purana
"महत्त्वाद् भारवत्त्वाच्च महाभारतमुच्यते। निरुक्तमस्य यो वेद सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते।" - म.भा.१.३००
"mahattvād bhāravattvācca mahābhāratamucyatē। niruktamasya yō vēda sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyatē।" - ma.bhā.1.300
[mahattvād = as it is most significant; bhāravattvācca = and is heavier; mahābhāratamucyatē = it is called the Mahābhārata; niruktamasya = this etymological meaning of it; yō vēda = one who knows; sarvapāpaiḥ = all the sins; pramucyatē = will get rid of;]
"As it is most significant and heavier, it is called the Mahābhārata. One who knows this etymological meaning (of Mahābhārata) will get rid of all the sins." - Mahābhārata 1.1.300
"यदिहास्ति तदन्यत्र यन्नेहास्ति न कुत्रचित्॥" - म.भा.आदि ५.५०
"yadihāsti tadanyatra yannēhāsti na kutracit॥" - ma.bhā.ādi 5.50
[yadihāsti = whatever exists here; tadanyatra = that only is present elsewhere; yannēhāsti = what does not exist here; na = is not; kutracit = to be found anywhere; ]
“Whatever is present here (in Mahabharata) only exists elsewhere; What is not present here is not to be found anywhere.” - Mahābhārata 1.5.50
"विराटोद्योगसारवान्" - म भा.१.८९
"virāṭōdyōgasāravān" - ma bhā.1.89
"The Virāta canto and the Udyōga cantos are the essence" - Mahābhārata 1.1.89
इत्यादितद्वाक्यपर्यालोचनया, ऋषिसम्प्रदायात्,
ityāditadvākyaparyālōcanayā, r̥ṣisampradāyāt,
When we analyse the above statements, and also look at the content that has come through the disciple succession of sages (risi-sampradaya), the following sentence:
"को ह्यन्यः पुण्डरीकाक्षान्महाभारतकृद् भवेत्" -वायुप्रोक्तवचनम्
"kō hyanyaḥ puṇḍarīkākṣānmahābhāratakr̥d bhavēt" -vāyuprōktavacanam
[kō hyanyaḥ = who else? puṇḍarīkākṣānmahābhāratakr̥d = lord Pundarikaksha can write the Mahābhārata; bhavēt = other than; ]
“Who else other than lord Pundarikaksha can write the Mahabharata?”
इत्यादिपुराणग्रन्थान्तरगतवाक्यान्यथानुपपत्त्या, नारदाध्ययनादिलिङ्गैश्चावसीयते।
ityādipurāṇagranthāntaragatavākyānyathānupapattyā, nāradādhyayanādiliṅgaiścāvasīyatē।
[ityādi = such other; purāṇa grantha antaragata vākya = statements that provide an insight into the Purana texts; anyatha anupapattyā = can't be insignificant; nāradādhyayanādiliṅgaiścāvasīyatē = the sage Nārada has studied and has preached from it; ]
Statements referred so far which provide insight into the Puranic texts can't be insignificant.
कथमन्यथा भारतनिरुक्तिज्ञानमात्रेण सर्वपापक्षयः?
kathamanyathā bhārataniruktijñānamātrēṇa sarvapāpakṣayaḥ?
[kathamanyathā = how can it be otherwise?; bhārataniruktijñānamātrēṇa = just by the imparted knowledge of Mahabhartata; sarvapāpakṣayaḥ = all the sins dissolve;]
“How can otherwise all the sins dissolve just by the imparted knowledge of Mahābhārata?”
प्रसिद्धश्च सोर्थः।
prasiddhaśca sōrthaḥ।
[prasiddhaśca = is a famous; sōrthaḥ = traditional quote; ]
- is a famous traditional quote.
कथं चान्यस्य न कर्तुं शक्यते। न्थान्तरगतत्वाच्च नाविद्यमानस्तुतिः। न च कर्तुरेव। इतरत्रापि साम्यात्।
kathaṁ cānyasya na kartuṁ śakyatē। nthāntaragatatvācca nāvidyamānastutiḥ। na ca karturēva। itaratrāpi sāmyāt।
[kathaṁ cānyasya = why for others; na kartuṁ śakyatē = not possible to be create; nthāntaragatatvācca = the praise for the author is coming from other texts as well; nāvidyamānastutiḥ = and is not just for the scholarship displayed by author; na ca karturēva = also not just for the instrumentality of creation; itaratrāpi sāmyāt = in several other texts also similar facts are narrated;]
Why is it not possible for others (other than Vyasa) to create (Mahabharata)? The praise for the author (of Mahabharata) is coming from other smriti texts as well. It is not just for the scholarship displayed by the author, or for the instrumentality of his composing (Mahabharata, but for him being the supreme God, Pundarikaksha). Narration of similar facts is present in other texts as well.
तत्र च सर्वभारतार्थसङ्ग्रहां वासुदेवार्जुनसंवादरूपां भारतपारिजातमधुभूतां गीतामुपनिबन्ध। तच्चोक्तम्–
tatra ca sarvabhāratārthasaṅgrahāṁ vāsudēvārjunasaṁvādarūpāṁ bhāratapārijātamadhubhūtāṁ gītāmupanibandha। taccōktam–
[tatra ca = there and; sarvabhāratārthasaṅgrahāṁ = the summary of the Mahābhārata; vāsudēvārjunasaṁvādarūpāṁ = in the form of a conversation between Krishna and Arjuna; bhāratapārijātamadhubhūtāṁ = It is like the nectar of fragrant Bharata coral jasmine flower; gītāmupanibandha = the subsection of Gīta composition; taccōktam = therefore, it is said; ]
The subsection pertaining to Gīta which is in the form of a conversation between Krishna and Arjuna, contains the summary of Mahābhārata. It is like the nectar extracted from the fragrant coral jasmine flower called the Bharata. Therefore, it is said–
"भारतं सर्वशास्त्रेषु भारते गीतिका वरा। विष्णोः सहस्रनामापि ज्ञेयं पाठ्यं च तद् द्वयम्॥" - इति महाकौर्मे।
"bhārataṁ sarvaśāstrēṣu bhāratē gītikā varā। viṣṇōḥ sahasranāmāpi jñēyaṁ pāṭhyaṁ ca tad dvayam॥" - iti mahākaurmē।
[bhārataṁ sarvaśāstrēṣu = the Bharata among all the scriptures; bhāratē gītikā varā = within Bharata, the Gīta; viṣṇōḥ sahasranāmāpi = also Vishnu-Sahasranama; jñēyaṁ pāṭhyaṁ ca = one should study and understand; tad dvayam = these both; iti mahākaurmē = states Mahakaurma purana; ]
"One should study and understand the Bharata among all scriptures. Within Bharata, study both the Gīta and the Vishnu-Sahasranama." - States Maha-Kaurma Purana.
"स हि धर्मः सुपर्याप्तो ब्रह्मणः पदवेदने" - म.भा.१३.१६.१२. ।
"sa hi dharmaḥ suparyāptō brahmaṇaḥ padavēdanē" - ma.bhā.13.16.12.
[sa hi dharmaḥ = the performance of right dharma (as shown in Gīta); suparyāptō = once firmly grounding; brahmaṇaḥ = results in a realization of Brahman; padavēdanē = liberation and further bliss;]
“The performance of right dharma (as shown in Gīta) results in the realisation of Brahman; Once firmly established, it results in liberation and further bliss.” - ma. bhā.13.16.12.
इत्यादि च।
ityādi ca।
We find such other statements as well.
